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ThesisItem Open Access ADAPTABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF SAHIWAL AND JERSEY x SAHIWAL CROSSBRED COWS IN TROPICAL CONDITIONS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2011-05) SREEDHAR, SURATANI; Sarjan Rao, K(MAJOR); Suresh, J; Moorthy, P.R.S; Padmanabha Reddy, VABSTRACT: A study was conducted on adaptability and performance of pure Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows, performance of bulls of Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbreds and on farm studies on the performance of the Jersey x Sahiwal crosses in tropical conditions. The physiological responses, biochemical constituents of the above animals were recorded. The production traits, reproduction traits and milk constituents were studied on twelve cows each from Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). To study the performance of bulls, tour Sahiwal bulls were selected at Dairy Experimental Station, and four Jersey x Sahiwal bulls from farmers house hold. The meteorological parameters viz. Temperature Humidity Index, Relative Humidity (%), evaporation (mm), wind velocity (kmph) and sun shine (hours) recorded during the study period of 2 1 days were ranged from 81.3-86.9, 37.0-61.0. 2.7-8.6, 5.1-1 1.3 and 2.0-9.3 with mean values of 84.4, 47.5. 6.8. 6.7 and 5.5. respectively. The rectal temperature ("F) of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows during the adaptability period of 21 days were ranged from 101.43*0.04 to 103.6MO.18, 101.1&0.02 to 103.13+0.16 and 101.35*0.03 to 103.65f0.18, respectively. The respiration rate of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 28.4k0.1 to 41.7k0.6, 26.8 +0.10 to 38.8+0.40 and 28.3&0.10 to 43.5k0.40 breaths per minute, respectively. The rectal temperature and respiration rate were highly significantly (p<0.01) different among Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows. The changes in pulse rate of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged £+om 59.33* 0.45 to 76.0-1 -50, 59.67 *0.3 1 to 75.33k1.56 and 60.67*0.40 to 78.17*1.36 per minute, respectively. A non significant difference was observed for pulse rate between Sahiwal heifers and Sahiwal cows whereas a highly significant @<0.01) variation was recorded with Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows in relation to environmental traits. Temperature Humidity Index (THI) was highly significantly w0.01) wrrelated with rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate in Sahiwal heifers and Sahiwal cows and significantly (pe0.05) correlated in Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows. The average temperature significantly (p<0.05) influenced the rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate in all the three groups of experimental animals, while the evaporation was significantly (pC0.05) wrrelated with rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate of Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred wws. Negative correlation was observed between wind velocity and rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate of three groups of experimental animals. The sunshine was found to have highly significant (~0.01)co rrelation with rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate of Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred wws. The IHTC and BCA of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 74.0W0.42 to 95.67k1.8, 94.2+0.5 to 95.w0.5 and 73.5M0.31 to 96.5W2.89 and 2.24k0.01 to 2.84*0.03, 2.17+0.01 to 2.72f0.02 and 2.24*0.01 to 2.92+0.02, respectively. The IHTC and BCA values were highly significantly @<0.01) different among Sahiwal heifers, cows and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows. The DSI of Sahiwal heifers, cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 0.95+0.61 to 1.1 1k0.01, 0.94*0.01 to 1.09-1.0.01 and 0.95*0.01 to 1.1 1+0.01, respectively. The DSI values were comparable between Sahiwal heifers and Sahiwal cows but highly significantly (p<0.01) different with Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows. The average values of IHTC, BCA and DSI in Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows became nearest to their respective optimum values of 100, 2.0 and 1 .O, respectively, within short period (3 days) in Sahiwal cows and longer period (9 days) for Jersey x Sahiwal cows. The haematocrit values (%) of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 29.17+1.22 to 68.0& 1.06, 3 1 -0W1.46 to 67.0M 1.06 and 3 1.17k1.17 to 75.83*0.59, respectively. A non significant difference was observed in haematocrit values of Sahiwal heifers and cows, whereas a highly significant (p<0.01) variation was recorded with Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows. The serum glucose, urea and creatinine levels (mddl) of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged fiom 61.9-1.34 to 97.32k0.63, 58.61k1.20 to 96.9M0.65 and 59.26k0.58 to 113.33k0.71, 11.72k0.94 to 47.21k0.64, 1 1.7W0.65 to 45.44k0.42 and 14.0M0.58 to 63.99k0.41 and 1.251t0.07 to 9.81+0.13, 1.2W0.09 to 9.90.tO. 17 and 1.43k0.10 to 16.18k0.15, respectively. The average serum glucose values were highly significantly (p<0.01) different among all the experimental animals during adaptability. The serum calcium, phosphorous and magnesium levels (mgldl) of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 10.5W0.29 to 27.17M.29, 10.84+0.27 to 26.61+0.46 and 10.45+0.33 to 36.76*0.71, 5.85*0.05 to 18.91+0.2 1, 5.94k0.08 to 18.87k0.12 and 5.88k0.10 to 20.8W0.13 and 1 -95d0.03 to 1 1.16&0.09, 2.0W.06 to 10.85*0.19 and 1.95k0.03 to 15.120.15. respectively. A non significant difference was observed in serum calcium and phosphorous levels for Sahiwal heifers and Sahiwal cows, whereas a highly significant @<0.01) variation was recorded for Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows in relation to adaptability. The sodium and potassium levels (mgldl) of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 140.23*2.09 to 183.62st1.25, 137.37k1.38 to 178.521.02 and 137.91A0.75 to 185.6%1.15 and 4.47.tO.20 to 13.21+0.15, 4.38A0.08 to 12.88rt0.08 and 4.41*0.13 to 18.8&0.11, respectively. The average sodium and potassium levels were highly significantly (~0.01)d ifferent among Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows. The influence of environmental traits on liver function tests from SGOT and SGPT levels (units/l) of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 91.15zk3.62 to 178.87A1.49, 95.37~t2.52 to 165.74+1.11 and 82.78&0.29 to 188.48rt0.32 and 25.04*1.50 to 57.19rt0.72, 27.8-2.29 to 57.27a.77 and 17.52*0.40 to 74.72M.93, respectively. Highly significant (pc0.01) variation was recorded with SGOT levels in Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows and SGPT levels of all the three experimental animals during 2 1 days adaptation period. The average birth weight (kg) of Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal calves were 23.8w0.87 and 26.98+0.97, respectively. The mean body weight gain (kg) of Sahiwal calves and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred calves were 34.08*5.69 and 34.47+5.99, respectively at the end of 24 weeks. The maximum body weight gain was observed at 24 weeks in Jersey x Sahiwal calves. The mean ADG of Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal calves were 344*7.9 and 365Zk11.0, respectively. The maximum average daily gain was observed at 8-10 weeks in Sahiwal calves whereas in Jersey x Sahiwal cows, peak ADG obtained at 6-8 weeks during 16-1 8 weeks of growth period. The mean 90 days milk yield, lactation milk yield, peak yield, average daily milk yield and 305 days milk yield in Sahiwal cows were 793.17*7.75, 2039.5zk30.14, 1 1.03*0.14, 6.90rt0.09 and 2109~k27.68 kg, respectively. The days to attain peak yield and lactation length in Sahiwal cows were 33.33*1.25 and 295.58*2.95 days and the persistence index observed as 2.53+0.04. The average 90 days milk yield, lactation milk yield, peak yield, average daily milk yield and 305 days milk yield in Jersey x Sahiwal cows were 1099.2* 10.96, 3 156.6*3 1.16, 14.2 1 1t0.14, 10.33Zk0.11 and 3164.8k32.53 kg, respectively. The days to attain peak yield and lactation length in Jersey x Sahiwal cows were 26.0M1.26 and 305.75~k1.95 days and the persistence index observed as 3.05k0.03. At farmer's house hold the average 90 days milk yield, lactation milk yield, peak yield, average daily milk yield and 305 days milk yield in Jersey x Sahiwal cows were 997.6+8.48, 3131.7*31.02, 10.2+0.16, 8.86+0.10 and 2777.2+26.15 kg, respectively. The days to attain peak yield and lactation length in Jersey x Sahiwal cows were 45.2~k1.33 and 3541t4.77 days and the persistence index observed was 2.84~k0.03. The analysis of variance revealed that all the milk yield traits were highly significantly (p<0.01) different between Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows both at dairy experimental station and Jersey x Sahiwal cows of Progeny Testing Programme at farmers house hold. The mean fat percent of the milk in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows was 4.91k0.19 and 4.54*0.16, respectively, whereas the fat percent was decreased from 1'' to 3d week and later gradually increased up to 131h week of lactation. Maximum fat yield (%) was observed in 12'~w eek for Sahiwal (5.3M0.20) and 13w~eek for Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred (4.9-0.12) wws. The mean SNF percent of the milk in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows was 9.02&0.07 and 8.67*0.10, respectively, whereas the SNF percent was decreased from la to 3d week and later gradually increased up to 13* week of lactation. Maximum levels of SNF were recorded during 13& week in Sahiwal cows and 7* week in Jersey x Sahiwal wws. 8.67*0.10. The protein content (%) of the milk in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were 3.5W0.04 and 3.5W0.01, respectively. Maximum levels of protein were recorded during 11" week in Sahiwal cows and 7" week in Jersey x Sahiwal wws. The mean density of the milk in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal wws were 30.97*0.24 and 30.1B0.22, respectively. The fat and SNF contents of milk were highly significantly (~(0.01) different between Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows, whereas Sahiwal cows had higher fat and SNF yield. Highly significant @<0.01) variation was also observed between Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows, during different weeks of lactation. Non significant difference was observed with respect to protein content of the milk in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows whereas highly significant w0.01) variation was found in the density of milk from Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows. The mean fat (%), SNF (%), protein (%) and density of the milk in Jersey x Sahiwal cows at farmer's household were 4.91rt0.1, 7.97*0.15, 3.08*0.05 and 28.93*0.32, respective1 y. The mean age at first calving, gestation period, dry period, service period and calving interval (days) in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows at dairy experimental station were 1223.25+9.77, 282.67*0.53, 1 5 1.0M3.27, 163.92j14.20 and 446.58k4.16 and 985.17k11.41. 281.58&0.38. 123.33~t5.28. 148.0M5.97 and 429.58*6.10. respectively. At farmers household, the above reproductive traits in Jersey x Sahiwal cows were 1237.%13.09, 282.3f0.37, 198.3k3.77, 270~k5.06 and 552.3*5.02 days. The results showed that the mean age at first calving, dry period, service period and calving interval in Jersey x Sahiwal cows were lower than Sahiwal cows. The mean values of the same reproductive traits in Jersey x Sahiwal cows of Progeny Testing Programme were higher than the mean values of Sahiwal cows. The mean gestation period was similar in all groups. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant (pThesisItem Open Access ADAPTABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF SAHIWAL AND JERSEY x SAHIWAL CROSSBRED COWS IN TROPICAL CONDITIONS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY , TIRUPATI – 517 502 (A.P) INDIA, 2011-08) SREEDHAR, SURATANI; SARJAN RAO, K (Major); Suresh, J; Moorthy, P R S; Padmanabha Reddy, VABSTRACT : A study was conducted on adaptability and performance of pure Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows, performance of bulls of Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbreds and on farm studies on the performance of the Jersey x Sahiwal crosses in tropical conditions. The physiological responses, biochemical constituents of the above animals were recorded. The production traits, reproduction traits and milk constituents were studied on twelve cows each from Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). To study the performance of bulls, four Sahiwal bulls were selected at Dairy Experimental Station, and four Jersey x Sahiwal bulls from farmers house hold. The meteorological parameters viz. Temperature Humidity Index, Relative Humidity (%), evaporation (mm), wind velocity (kmph) and sun shine (hours) recorded during the study period of 21 days were ranged from 81.3-86.9, 37.0-61.0, 2.7-8.6, 5.1-11.3 and 2.0-9.3 with mean values of 84.4, 47.5, 6.8, 6.7 and 5.5, respectively. The rectal temperature (0F) of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows during the adaptability period of 21 days were ranged from 101.43±0.04 to 103.60±0.18, 101.18±0.02 to 103.13±0.16 and 101.35±0.03 to 103.65±0.18, respectively. The respiration rate of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 28.4±0.1 to 41.7±0.6, 26.8 ±0.10 to 38.8±0.40 and 28.3±0.10 to 43.5±0.40 breaths per minute, respectively. The rectal temperature and respiration rate were highly significantly (p<0.01) different among Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows. The changes in pulse rate of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 59.33± 0.45 to 76.00±1.50, 59.67 ±0.31 to 75.33±1.56 and 60.67±0.40 to 78.17±1.36 per minute, respectively. A non significant difference was observed for pulse rate between Sahiwal heifers and Sahiwal cows whereas a highly significant (p<0.01) variation was recorded with Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows in relation to environmental traits. Temperature Humidity Index (THI) was highly significantly (p<0.01) correlated with rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate in Sahiwal heifers and Sahiwal cows and significantly (p<0.05) correlated in Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows. The average temperature significantly (p<0.05) influenced the rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate in all the three groups of experimental animals, while the evaporation was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate of Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows. Negative correlation was observed between wind velocity and rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate of three groups of experimental animals. The sunshine was found to have highly significant (p<0.01) correlation with rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate of Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows. The IHTC and BCA of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 74.00±0.42 to 95.67±1.8, 94.2±0.5 to 95.5±0.5 and 73.50±0.31 to 96.50±2.89 and 2.24±0.01 to 2.84±0.03, 2.17±0.01 to 2.72±0.02 and 2.24±0.01 to 2.92±0.02, respectively. The IHTC and BCA values were highly significantly (p<0.01) different among Sahiwal heifers, cows and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows. The DSI of Sahiwal heifers, cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 0.95±0.01 to 1.11±0.01, 0.94±0.01 to 1.09±0.01 and 0.95±0.01 to 1.11±0.01, respectively. The DSI values were comparable between Sahiwal heifers and Sahiwal cows but highly significantly (p<0.01) different with Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows. The average values of IHTC, BCA and DSI in Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows became nearest to their respective optimum values of 100, 2.0 and 1.0, respectively, within short period (3 days) in Sahiwal cows and longer period (9 days) for Jersey x Sahiwal cows. The haematocrit values (%) of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 29.17±1.22 to 68.00±1.06, 31.00±1.46 to 67.00±1.06 and 31.17±1.17 to 75.83±0.59, respectively. A non significant difference was observed in haematocrit values of Sahiwal heifers and cows, whereas a highly significant (p<0.01) variation was recorded with Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows. The serum glucose, urea and creatinine levels (mg/dl) of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 61.90±1.34 to 97.32±0.63, 58.61±1.20 to 96.90±0.65 and 59.26±0.58 to 113.33±0.71, 11.72±0.94 to 47.21±0.64, 11.70±0.65 to 45.44±0.42 and 14.00±0.58 to 63.99±0.41 and 1.25±0.07 to 9.81±0.13, 1.29±0.09 to 9.90±0.17 and 1.43±0.10 to 16.18±0.15, respectively. The average serum glucose values were highly significantly (p<0.01) different among all the experimental animals during adaptability. The serum calcium, phosphorous and magnesium levels (mg/dl) of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 10.59±0.29 to 27.17±0.29, 10.84±0.27 to 26.61±0.46 and 10.45±0.33 to 36.76±0.71, 5.85±0.05 to 18.91±0.21, 5.94±0.08 to 18.87±0.12 and 5.88±0.10 to 20.80±0.13 and 1.95±0.03 to 11.16±0.09, 2.00±0.06 to 10.85±0.19 and 1.95±0.03 to 15.12±0.15, respectively. A non significant difference was observed in serum calcium and phosphorous levels for Sahiwal heifers and Sahiwal cows, whereas a highly significant (p<0.01) variation was recorded for Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows in relation to adaptability. The sodium and potassium levels (mg/dl) of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 140.23±2.09 to 183.62±1.25, 137.37±1.38 to 178.52±1.02 and 137.91±0.75 to 185.69±1.15 and 4.47±0.20 to 13.21±0.15, 4.38±0.08 to 12.88±0.08 and 4.41±0.13 to 18.86±0.11, respectively. The average sodium and potassium levels were highly significantly (p<0.01) different among Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows. The influence of environmental traits on liver function tests from SGOT and SGPT levels (units/l) of Sahiwal heifers, Sahiwal cows and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were ranged from 91.15±3.62 to 178.87±1.49, 95.37±2.52 to 165.74±1.11 and 82.78±0.29 to 188.48±0.32 and 25.04±1.50 to 57.19±0.72, 27.89±2.29 to 57.27±0.77 and 17.52±0.40 to 74.72±0.93, respectively. Highly significant (p<0.01) variation was recorded with SGOT levels in Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows and SGPT levels of all the three experimental animals during 21 days adaptation period. The average birth weight (kg) of Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal calves were 23.89±0.87 and 26.98±0.97, respectively. The mean body weight gain (kg) of Sahiwal calves and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred calves were 34.08±5.69 and 34.47±5.99, respectively at the end of 24 weeks. The maximum body weight gain was observed at 24 weeks in Jersey x Sahiwal calves. The mean ADG of Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal calves were 344±7.9 and 365±11.0, respectively. The maximum average daily gain was observed at 8-10 weeks in Sahiwal calves whereas in Jersey x Sahiwal cows, peak ADG obtained at 6-8 weeks during 16-18 weeks of growth period. The mean 90 days milk yield, lactation milk yield, peak yield, average daily milk yield and 305 days milk yield in Sahiwal cows were 793.17±7.75, 2039.5±30.14, 11.03±0.14, 6.90±0.09 and 2109±27.68 kg, respectively. The days to attain peak yield and lactation length in Sahiwal cows were 33.33±1.25 and 295.58±2.95 days and the persistence index observed as 2.53±0.04. The average 90 days milk yield, lactation milk yield, peak yield, average daily milk yield and 305 days milk yield in Jersey x Sahiwal cows were 1099.2±10.96, 3156.6±31.16, 14.21±0.14, 10.33±0.11 and 3164.8±32.53 kg, respectively. The days to attain peak yield and lactation length in Jersey x Sahiwal cows were 26.00±1.26 and 305.75±1.95 days and the persistence index observed as 3.05±0.03. At farmer’s house hold the average 90 days milk yield, lactation milk yield, peak yield, average daily milk yield and 305 days milk yield in Jersey x Sahiwal cows were 997.6±8.48, 3131.7±31.02, 10.2±0.16, 8.86±0.10 and 2777.2±26.15 kg, respectively. The days to attain peak yield and lactation length in Jersey x Sahiwal cows were 45.2±1.33 and 354±4.77 days and the persistence index observed was 2.84±0.03. The analysis of variance revealed that all the milk yield traits were highly significantly (p<0.01) different between Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows both at dairy experimental station and Jersey x Sahiwal cows of Progeny Testing Programme at farmers house hold. The mean fat percent of the milk in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows was 4.91±0.19 and 4.54±0.16, respectively, whereas the fat percent was decreased from 1st to 3rd week and later gradually increased up to 13th week of lactation. Maximum fat yield (%) was observed in 12th week for Sahiwal (5.30±0.20) and 13th week for Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred (4.92±0.12) cows. The mean SNF percent of the milk in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows was 9.02±0.07 and 8.67±0.10, respectively, whereas the SNF percent was decreased from 1st to 3rd week and later gradually increased up to 13th week of lactation. Maximum levels of SNF were recorded during 13th week in Sahiwal cows and 7th week in Jersey x Sahiwal cows. 8.67±0.10. The protein content (%) of the milk in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were 3.50±0.04 and 3.50±0.01, respectively. Maximum levels of protein were recorded during 11th week in Sahiwal cows and 7th week in Jersey x Sahiwal cows. The mean density of the milk in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows were 30.97±0.24 and 30.12±0.22, respectively. The fat and SNF contents of milk were highly significantly (p<0.01) different between Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows, whereas Sahiwal cows had higher fat and SNF yield. Highly significant (p<0.01) variation was also observed between Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows, during different weeks of lactation. Non significant difference was observed with respect to protein content of the milk in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows whereas highly significant (p<0.01) variation was found in the density of milk from Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows. The mean fat (%), SNF (%), protein (%) and density of the milk in Jersey x Sahiwal cows at farmer’s household were 4.91±0.1, 7.97±0.15, 3.08±0.05 and 28.93±0.32, respectively. The mean age at first calving, gestation period, dry period, service period and calving interval (days) in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal cows at dairy experimental station were 1223.25±9.77, 282.67±0.53, 151.00±3.27, 163.92±4.20 and 446.58±4.16 and 985.17±11.41, 281.58±0.38, 123.33±5.28, 148.00±5.97 and 429.58±6.10, respectively. At farmers household, the above reproductive traits in Jersey x Sahiwal cows were 1237.9±13.09, 282.3±0.37, 198.3±3.77, 270±5.06 and 552.3±5.02 days. The results showed that the mean age at first calving, dry period, service period and calving interval in Jersey x Sahiwal cows were lower than Sahiwal cows. The mean values of the same reproductive traits in Jersey x Sahiwal cows of Progeny Testing Programme were higher than the mean values of Sahiwal cows. The mean gestation period was similar in all groups. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p<0.01) variation among the cows of three groups for all the reproductive traits except for gestation period. Highly significant (p<0.01) correlations were observed among lactation milk yield, average daily milk yield, 305 days milk yield and persistence index in Sahiwal cows. The dry period, service period and calving interval of Sahiwal cows were highly significantly (p<0.01) correlated. Lactation length was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with service period and calving interval and negatively correlated with days to attain peak yield. Highly significant (p<0.01) correlations were observed among lactation milk yield, average daily milk yield and 305 days milk yield. The dry period, service period and calving interval were highly significantly (p<0.01) correlated. Further it was also observed that the lactation length was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with service period and calving interval. Highly significant (p<0.01) correlation was observed between average daily milk yield and 305 days milk yield. The significant (p<0.05) correlation was observed among lactation length, average daily milk yield and persistence index. The service period was highly significantly (p<0.01) correlated with calving interval. Further it was observed that the lactation length was highly significantly (p<0.01) correlated with service period and significantly (p<0.05) correlated with calving interval. Average of temperament score and libido score in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred bulls were 1.42±0.05 and 3.08±0.36, and 6.96±0.18 and 7.33±0.14, respectively. Highly significant (p<0.01) difference in temperament score and no significant difference in libido score were observed in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred bulls. Similarly no significant difference was recorded between the bulls for the same traits. The average of erection score, protrusion score, Intensity of Thrust score and reaction time (seconds) in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred bulls were 2.71±0.10 and 3.71±0.08, 2.58±0.14 and 3.59±0.05, 3.46±0.08, and 23.85±0.82 and 7.29±1.42, respectively. The results showed that significant (p<0.01) difference exists for the above sexual traits of Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred bulls with a non significant difference between the bulls for the same traits. Average dismounting time and total time taken for mounts (seconds) in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal bulls were 3.17±0.17 and 2.67±0.15, and 55.00±2.21 and 36.75±5.24, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in dismounting time but with regard to total time taken for mounts, a highly significant (p<0.01) difference was noticed between Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred bulls. The physical appearance of semen revealed that 25 percent were thick creamy, 33.33 percent were thin creamy and milky and only 8.33 percent were watery in Sahiwal bulls. Similarly in Jersey x Sahiwal bulls, 29.17 percent were thick creamy and milky, 33.33 percent were thin creamy and only 8.33 percent were watery. No significant difference was observed in the physical appearance of semen in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred bulls. The average semen volume (ml) and mass activity in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred bulls were 3.68±0.04 and 4.95±0.05, and 2.54±0.04 and 3.54±0.08, respectively. The results showed that a highly significant (p<0.01) difference was observed in semen volume and mass activity of the breeds but the difference between the bulls of Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal was non significant. In Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred bulls the average progressive motility and concentration (million sperms/ml) were 60.30±0.15 and 63.86±0.69 percent, and 1159.38±8.05 and 961.46±6.67, respectively. Highly significant (p<0.01) difference was observed in progressive motility and sperm concentration of the Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal breeds but the difference between the bulls of the same breed was non significant. In Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred bulls, the average total sperm per ejaculation (millions) was 4256.56±79.35 and 4751.88±78.12, respectively. The average head abnormalities (%) in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred bulls were 4.51±0.14 and 4.53±0.13, respectively with overall mean of 4.52±0.01. The analysis of variance revealed that a highly significant (p<0.01) difference was observed in total sperm / ejaculation between the breeds with a non significant difference between the bulls of Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal. Head abnormalities were highly significantly (p<0.01) differed between the bulls of two breeds whereas it was non significant between the two breeds. The average mid piece and tail abnormalities (%) in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred bulls were 13.33±0.24 and 9.38±0.31, and 3.38±0.09 and 3.70±0.05, respectively. The mid piece abnormalities were highly significantly (p<0.01) different between Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal bulls whereas no significant difference was observed between the bulls. Significant (p<0.05) variation was recorded among the breeds and between the bulls of Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal. Scrotal circumference had positive correlation with semen volume, sperm concentration and total number of spermatozoa in Sahiwal and Jersey x Sahiwal bulls.