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20103
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Subject: Veterinary Surgery × End date: 2010 × Start date: 2010 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF TYPE II EXTERNAL SKELETAL FIXATORS OF MODIFIED FRAME CONSTRUCTIONS FOR TIBIAL DIAPHYSEAL FRACTURE REPAIR IN DOGS
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2010-07) KOTESWARA RAO, TANNERU; DHANA LAKSHMI, N (Major); SURESH KUMAR, R.V; SRILATHA, Ch
    ABSTRACT : Twelve dogs presented to the College Hospital with unstable diaphyseal tibial fractures which were diagnosed by clinical signs, orthopedic examination and survey radiography were taken as clinical material for the study. The breed, age, sex wise incidence, cause and type of fracture were studied. The dogs were equally divided into group I and II of six animals each. The fractures were stabilized with modified frame constructions of type II external skeletal fixators of positive profile end threaded half pins and smooth full pins of minimal type (group I) and modified frame constructions of type II external skeletal fixators of positive profile centrally threaded full pins of maximal type (group II) following standard procedures. Selection of appropriate size of pins, connecting rods and clamps according to age, body weight and type of fracture provided good fracture stability. In both the groups, modified AO mini clamps, Beta clamps with knurl rods and low cost acrylic and local epoxy putty modified connecting frames were used in small dogs. No technical difficulties were observed while application of these modified construction frames of type II external skeletal fixators in these animals. The outcome of fracture stabilization and healing was evaluated with postoperative lameness grading, pain score, radiography and biochemical analysis. In both the groups, stabilization showed good clinical outcome with complete normal limb usage within seven weeks except in one case of group I where fixation failure with smooth pin migration and destabilization of fixator and fragments separation was recorded by second week. In this case, the fracture was again stabilized by passing pins and tightening with clamps which was healed later. In group II, no migration and pin loosening of centrally threaded pins was observed except pin tract infection with pin bone interface wound formation. These complications not showed any disturbance on clinical weight bearing and healing of fracture. The overall average healing time in both the groups was 4 -12 weeks. The fractures showed radio graphically excellent postoperative healing of cortical union, absence of fracture lines with endosteal bridging callus. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant difference (P < 0.01) in increase of serum alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus and C-reactive protein in group II compared to group I whereas non significant change was observed in calcium levels. Based on present study, it was concluded that both minimal and maximal modified type II external skeletal fixators with standard and low cost connecting frames according to fracture patient assessment were good for stabilization of unstable tibial fractures for early limb ambulance and excellent healing. However the application of positive profile centrally threaded pins with predrilling of pilot hole was found easier than end threaded half pins with advantages like good stability, less pain and more pin and cortical intact of bone.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICAL STUDIES ON BOVINE TUMOURS
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2010-07) VENKATESWARLU NAIK, B; SURESH KUMAR, R.V (Major); DHANALAKSHMI, N; SRILATHA, Ch
    ABSTRACT : The present research work dealt with „Clinical studies on bovine tumours‟ with special reference to their incidence, diagnosis and treatment. This study included both white and black cattle of different ages. A proforma was developed to arrive at the information and to carryout the research. Clinical cases presented to college hospital and hospitals in Chittoor and Guntur District formed the material for the present study. Out of the 1649 bovine cases studied, 541 were found to have space occupying lesions like abscess, cyst, haematoma, hernia etc. Among these 59 cases were diagnosed as tumours / neoplasms. In that, 46 were white cattle and 13 were buffaloes. Highest incidence of tumours were noticed in females (61%) compared with males (38.98%). Animals in the range of 6-9 years age showed highest incidence (i.e., 44.06%), and lowest incidence at 12 – 15 years of age (6.77%). HF cross bred animals had highest incidence of tumours i.e., 27.11%, followed by buffaloes (23.72%), Jersey (16.94%), non descript (15.25%), Ongole (13.55%) and lowest was in Hallikar breed (3.38 %). Histologically 13 different types of tumours were diagnosed. Papillomas were predominant in the present study followed by squamous cell carcinoma of eye and horn. Physiological parameters like temperature, respiration and pulse did not show much significant difference before and after surgery. Wide varities of tumours with different size, shape, location with symptoms like ulceration, bleeding, pedunculation, different degrees of tissue involvement were recorded. Fine needle aspiration biopsy, impression smear examination before the surgical procedure was found to be beneficial in diagnosing the tumorous condition. Though haematalogical and biochemical parameters showed a significant rise or a fall, the fluctuations were within the normal physiological limits. Surgical excision along with cryotherapy were found to be very effective in treating cases of tumours. Early diagnosis of tumorous conditions was made possible by their clinical presentation, fine needle aspiration biopsy, impression smears examination so that progress of growths could be avoided. Cytological, haematological, biochemical and histological examinations has proved to have prognostic value by which economic lossess to the farmers can be avoided.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICAL STUDIES ON LAPAROHYSTEROTOMY AND NEONATAL RESUSCITATION IN SMALL RUMINANTS
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2010-05) DEVI PRASAD, VADDADI; SREENU, MAKKENA (Major); SURESH KUMAR, R.V; CHANDRA SEKHARA RAO, T.S; SRILATHA, Ch
    ABSTRACT: The present study entitled “Clinical studies on laparohysterotomy and neonatal resuscitation in small ruminants” was conducted to evaluate different techniques of performing laparohysterotomy and neonatal resuscitation in small ruminants suitable to the field conditions. In the present study, the incidence of dystocia in sheep was found to be 87.03% and in goat it was 12.96%. Comparatively, incidence of dystocia was more in pleuriparous compared to the primiparous animals. Many cases of dystocia warranting laparohysterotomy were found to be associated with female foetuses. The main indication for which laparohysterotomy performed was, the insufficient dilatation of cervix followed by gross oversize of foetus, postural abnormalities, foetal emphysema and uterine torsion. Real time B-mode trans abdominal ultrasonography was found to be rapid and highly useful in knowing the viability status of the foetus. Spinal anaesthesia using two per cent lignocaine hydrochloride at lumbosacral space provided optimal analgesia, muscle relaxation and hind limb restraint. Linear infiltration had the disadvantages of improperly desensitized peritoneum and development of toxicity. Post anaesthetic depression was marked in both linear infiltration and ketamine diazepam anaesthesia. The mid ventral incision was proved to be best, due to its advantages like ease of performance, less haemorrhage, provision of good working place for exteriorization and detorsion. The disadvantages of the right and left ventro lateral oblique incisions were the prolapse of intestines at the site of operation, less working space, difficulty in exteriorization. The conspicuous haematological changes in all the animals, were decreased total erythrocytes count, haemoglobin, and packed cell volume; leucocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphocytopoenia. The biochemical parameters revealed increased levels of glucose and plasma cortisol and decreased levels of cholesterol and plasma proteins. Microscopic examination of biopsy samples of uterus showed coagulation necrosis, vacuolation, hypertrophy endometrial glands; hyalinization of blood vessels, oedema and necrosis of myometrium. The antibiotic sensitivity test revealed sensitivity of samples to enrofloxacin and gentamicin. Among the neonatal resuscitation procedures, the best method of clearing airways was nasal and pharyngeal suctioning and heimlich’s manoeuvre. Apnoea was best treated by external cardiac massage with oxygen supplementation. Hypoxia and hypothermia were corrected by placing the neonate in an incubator that had oxygen supply and a light source. The neonatal hypoglycemia could be best treated by injection of glucose solution intraperitoneally.