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20111
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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × Author: ANITHA DEVI, M × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON LUNG LESIONS IN BUFFALOES
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI – 517 502. (A.P) INDIA, 2011-09) ANITHA DEVI, M; ANNAPURNA, P (Major); RAMA DEVI, V; SUBRAMANYAM, K.V
    ABSTRACT: The present study on lung lesions in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) was planned to know the incidence of lung lesions, to describe the gross and histopathological lesions and to isolate various bacterial agents from possible cases. A total of 980 buffaloes of either sex and of different age groups from slaughter houses, from postmortem examinations and from field mortalities were screened for gross abnormalities of the lungs and samples were collected from them for further studies. Bacterial isolations were also attempted from suitable lung lesions. Among 980 lungs screened, 303 (30.92%) lungs revealed definite lesions on gross and microscopic examination. The lesions were broadly grouped into abnormalities of inflation 40 (13.20%), circulatory disturbances 39 (12.87%), types of pneumonias 57 (18.81%), bronchitis and bronchiolitis 6 (1.98%), pleuritis 9 (2.97%), parasitic conditions 151(49.83%) and neoplastic condition 1 (0.33%) out of 303 lungs examined. Abnormalities of inflation comprised of emphysema (10.23%) and atelectasis (2.97%). In alveolar emphysema, grossly pale areas projecting from the surface of lung and microscopically distended alveoli and ruptured interalveolar septa were seen. In interstitial emphysema, bubbles of air were observed in the interstitial tissue grossly and microscopically. Atelectasis was characterized by dark, depressed areas grossly and slit like alveoli microscopically. Circulatory disturbances noticed were pulmonary congestion and haemorrhage (9.57%) and edema (3.30%). In edema, lungs upon incision showed oozing of frothy fluid and microscopically, eosinophilic fluid in the alveoli and interlobular septa. Pneumonic changes constituted 18.81% that were categorized into bronchopneumonia (17.82%), interstitial pneumonia (0.33%), granulomatous pneumonia (0.33%) and giant cell pneumonia (0.33%). Bronchopneumonia was subdivided into suppurative and fibrinous bronchopneumonias. In suppurative bronchopneumonia, grossly cranioventral consolidation was noticed along with multiple purulent foci in chronic cases. Microscopically, exudates in alveoli, bronchi and bronchioles consisted mainly of polymorphs and abscesses were seen in chronic cases. Fibrinous bronchopneumonia was characterized grossly by cranioventral consolidation, fibrinous exudation and thickened pleura. Fibrinous adhesions were noticed in few cases. Microscopically, fibrin deposition in the alveoli and interstitium were observed. In interstitial pneumonia, grossly pale, enlarged lungs with rib impressions on the surface and microscopically alveolar septal thickening were noticed. A single nodule was seen grossly in granulomatous pneumonia characterized microscopically by typical granulomas. No bacterial, fungal, parasitic or foreign body etiology was observed. In giant cell pneumonia, patchy areas of consolidation grossly and syncytial giant cells microscopically were observed. Bronchitis and bronchiolitis (1.98%) cases revealed hyperemic mucosa and mucoid exudates in bronchi and bronchioles grossly and cellular infiltration microscopically. In pleuritis (2.97%) thickened pleura grossly and infiltration of inflammatory cells microscopically were noticed along with increased fibrous tissue proliferation in chronic cases. The incidence of parasitic conditions in the lungs was 49.83%, that was the highest among other pathological conditions observed. This included dictyocaulosis (0.33%), hydatidosis (49.17%) and pulmonary fasciolosis (0.33%) among which the incidence of hydatidosis was the highest. In dictyocaulosis, grossly few whitish, slender worms were seen in the bronchi and bronchioles. Microscopically, peribronchial nodular lymphoid hyperplasia was evident. In hydatidosis, grossly one or more cysts with watery fluid that showed white transluscent membrane on cut section were observed. Fertile cysts were seen in 2 cases only. Microscopically, an eosinophilic laminated layer sometimes lined by degenerated germinal epithelium was seen surrounded by a zone of necrosis and variable cellular reaction. Fasciola gigantica was observed in the lungs in one case. Grossly, there were haemorrhagic tracts with immature flukes inside. Microscopically, cut section of the fluke with haemorrhagic exudates, fibrous tissue proliferation and macrophages laden with hemosiderin in the alveoli, bronchi and bronchioles were noticed. A solitary case (0.33%) of pleural mesothelioma was observed that showed neoplastic growths at the borders of the lung and along interlobular septa grossly and cuboidal mesothelial cells over a core of fibrous tissue microscopically. In the present study, swabs from 53 suitable lung samples were subjected for bacterial isolation. Of these, in 50 lung samples, 9 isolates of bacteria were obtained viz. Pasteurella spp., Klebsiella sps., Proteus spp., Providentia spp., E.coli, Acinetobacter spp., Alkaligenes sps., Citrobacter spp. and Enterobacter spp. E.coli was the major organism among all the pathogens that were isolated. The present study revealed the spectrum of pathological conditions observed in the lungs of buffaloes and indicated high prevalence of hydatidosis in the geographical area under study.