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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × Author: Garima Sharma × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2005 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (CRF) IN DOGS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2007-09) Garima Sharma; Tirumala Rao, D.S(MAJOR); Ameer Hamza, P; Sadasiva Rao, K
    ABSTRACT: The present clinical investigation was aimed at studying the prevalence, clinical findings, haemato-biochemical parameters, urinalysis including certain urinary enzymes, therapy and therapeutic efficacy of certain drugs in Group I (spironolactone, metoclopramide, enalapril and iron supplement orally along with enrofloxacin and DNS parentrally) and II (furosemide, ondansetron, diltiazem, cefoperazone, iron supplement and RL + 5% dextrose administered parentrally ) dogs with chronic renal failure. The prevalence rate, during the study period of 8 months, was found to be 3.87 percent. Further, age and breed wise study revealed the highest prevalence rate in the age group of 9-12 years (43.75%) and German shepherd (31.25%). The influence of sex on the prevalence of CRF was insignificant in the present study. A total of 24 dogs, diagnosed positive for CRF, were selected for the present investigation. The commonly observed symptoms were anorexia (95.83%), vomiting (87.5%), polydipsia (83.3%), polyuria (75%), anemia (58.33%), oral ulcers (37.5%), dehydration (33.33%) and halitosis (29.17%). Clinical signs like seizures (16.67%), haematemesis (12.5%), sub-cutaneous oedema (8.33%), hemorrhagic diarrhea (4.17%) and retinal hemorrhages (4.17%) were also observed. 41.67 % of the dogs were found hypertensive. Haematology revealed normocytic normochromic anemia in 83.33% of the anemic dogs while a few showed microcytic normochromic anemia and there was insignificant change in haematological parameters following therapy in both the groups. Serum biochemical profile of the dogs with CRF revealed that azotemia, hyperphosphataemia, hyponatraemia, hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypoglycemia were the major biochemical alterations. Urinalysis findings revealed isosthenuria, higher urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPC) and increased enzymuria (ALP and GGT) as the major abnormalities in all the dogs with CRF. After therapy a highly significant (p<0.01) improvement was noticed in BUN and serum glucose and significant (p<0.05) in serum creatinine, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, and sodium levels in Group I. Similarly in Group II, a highly significant (p<0.01) improvement was noticed in BUN, serum creatinine, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, glucose and sodium levels. However, the change in serum calcium and potassium was insignificant after therapy in both the groups. The increase in urine specific gravity (USG) and decrease in UPC, ALP and GGT levels were highly significant (p<0.01) in UPC in both the groups following therapy. The therapeutic efficacy, based on response to treatment, was observed to be comparatively higher in Group II (91.67%) than Group I (75%) on day 7 of therapy. Based on the above findings, the therapeutic regimen used in Group II, i.e. furosemide, ondansetron, diltiazem, cefoperazone, iron supplement and fluids (RL + 5% Dextrose) administered parentrally, could be recommended to achieve good therapeutic response in CRF in dogs.