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Subject: Veterinary Anatomy × Author: GOPI KRISHNA, B × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2014 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MICROANATOMICAL STUDIES ON THE TESTIS AND PINEAL GLAND OF ADULT RAM (Ovis aries)
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2015-10) GOPI KRISHNA, B; RAJU, N.K.B(MAJOR); JAGAPATHI RAMAYYA, P; DHANA LAKSHMI, N
    ABSTRACT : The present work on microanatomical studies on the testis and pineal gland of adult ram (Ovis aries) was conducted on adult healthy rams. The testis was enclosed by a capsule the tunica albuginea and a visceral tunica vaginalis. The tunica albuginea was composed of very dense collagen and reticular fibres and several blood capillaries noticed at deeper portion of the tunica albuginea. The mean thickness of the tunica albuginea was 558.37 ± 26.63 μm. Centrally located mediastinum testis with collagen fibres predominantly. The convoluted seminiferous tubules were lined by spermatogenic epithelium which was stratified showed spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa and Sertoli cells. The seminiferous tubules were separated from each other by interstitial tissue. The mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules was 128.45 ± 3.15 μm. The spermatogenic cells located in groups between the Sertoli cells, in three to seven layers. Three types of spermatogonia were observed viz., A-type, Intermediate type and B-type spermatogonia. The A-type spermatogonia were largest and had a round nucleus with fine chromatin granules. The intermediate type spermatogonia had a spherical nucleus with centrally distributed chromatin. The B-type spermatogonia consisted of small and spherical nuclei with thick chromatin concentration. The primary spermatocytes had spherical shaped darker nuclei with lightly stained cytoplasm. The secondary spermatocytes were rounded in shape with centrally placed spherical nucleus and scanty cytoplasm. The spermatids were smallest cells of the spermatogenic epithelium. They were round or elongated possessed spherical or elongated nuclei with thin peripheral cytoplasmic rim. The Sertoli cells were located in between the spermatogenic cells and they were elongated tall columnar type rested on the basement membrane with indistinct cell boundaries and had large deeply indented ellposidal nucleus with homogenous nucleoplasm. The Leydig cells were located in the meshes of interstitial connective tissue in single or groups with a large centrally placed spherical nucleus and granular cytoplasm. The capsule of testis, basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules and maturing spermatids showed strong positive reaction for neutral and acid mucopolysaccaharides and very weak reaction for lipids. Strong reaction for lipids was noticed in spermatogonia and the primary spermatocytes and moderate reaction for lipids in spermatids and Leydig cells. The spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells showed weak reaction for PAS and wall of blood vessels showed moderately positive reaction for PAS. The Leydig cells showed strong reaction for glycogen. The acid phosphatase activity was strong in the basement membrane and spermatogenic cells and moderate to weak in Leydig cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity was mild in seminiferous tubules and almost negative in the interstitial tissue. The pineal gland in adult ram was highly vascularised and innervated by nerve fibres and had a very thin capsule. Capsule was made up of collagen and reticular fibres with indistinct lobulation. The parenchyma consisted of two types of cells viz., pinealocytes and interstitial cells scattered throughout the interstitial tissue. The interstitial tissue was made up of reticular and collagen fibres observed in the vicinity of blood vessels. Pinealocytes were the thickly populated at the periphery and arranged in cords in the centre portion of the gland. The pinealocytes showed oval or round nucleus and possessed numerous cytoplasmic processes. Ultrastructurally, the pinealocytes were categorised into light and dark types. The light pinealocytes had round to oval nucleus with one (or) more nucleoli with chromatin material accumulate as smaller clumps attached to the nuclear membrane. Dark pinealocytes were sparse and showed pear shaped nuclei with irregular outer surfaces with evenly distributed chromatin material. The interstitial cells were neuroglial cells categorised into three types. Type-1 cells were large, oval (or) round with one (or) two processes and distributed as small groups showed smooth surface and chromatin material was aggregated in small irregular clumps towards the nuclear membrane. Type-2 cells had large, elongated (or) oval nuclei. Type-3 cells were smaller and showed numerous fine processes mainly associated with blood vessels and had large indented nuclei. PAS activity was mild in capsule of the pineal gland and interstitial cells, strong pinealocytes and intense in blood vessels. The interstitial cells showed moderate to strong reaction for acid mucopolysaccaharides in their cytoplasm. The pinealocytes and the interstitial cells showed very mild reaction for alkaline phosphatase and intense acid phosphatase activity. The varied sizes of corpora arenacea were observed in the pineal parenchyma.