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2000 - 2009152010 - 201928
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Subject: Animal Genetics and Breeding × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2000 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MITOCHONDRIAL DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC STATUS OF PUNGANUR CATTLE
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-11) DEEPTHI, CHANDAKA; MURALIDHAR, M (MAJOR); VINOO, R; SUDHAKAR, K
    Cattle in India played an important role in the rural economy as supplementing family incomes and generating gainful employment in the rural sector, particularly among the landless laborers, small and marginal farmers. Among all the cattle breeds the dwarf breeds are more preferred among farmers as they can be maintained with less fodder, high disease resistant ability, high survivability in adverse environmental conditions and optimum milk production. Punganur is one such dwarf breed present in Andhra Pradesh. According to the available literature, the Punganur cattle were crossed with Mysore cattle and Kerry breed with time. Punganur cow has become a status symbol in recent years as wealthy livestock farmers began buying it, due to its cultural value. However, the present day Punganur cattle description was not in accordance with the available literature. With this in mind the objective of the present research is to study the genetic variation and phylogenetic status of Punganur cattle. using mitochondrial DNA D-loop region. Blood samples were collected from 28 unrelated Punganur animals which were further grouped as 14 Punganur animals and 14 Punganur type animals based on literature available. Unrelated Blood samples were also collected from Ongole, Hallikar, Vechur, Malnad Gidda and Bargur. Genomic DNA was isolated and 1024 bp mitochondrial D-loop region was amplified and sequenced. Sequence of Indian cattle breeds were obtained from NCBI database and total of 212 sequences were aligned and trimmed to have a final length of 912 bp. The measures like polymorphism, divergence, gene flow and genetic differentiation were estimated using DnaSP software. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using Neighbour joining method by MEGA software. The tree topology was tested using 1000 bootstrap replications. The results of polymorphism and divergence analysis disclosed the existence of high within breed polymorphism compared to between breed polymorphism which is in accordance with other cattle breeds of India. The findings of gene flow and genetic differentiation estimates concluded the presence of low differentiation and presence of gene flow between Punganur and Punganur type animals. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that, there is no differentiation between Punganur and Punganur type animals.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MORPHOMETRIC AND MOLECULAR STUDIES IN PUNGANUR AND PUNGANUR TYPE OF CATTLE
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-11) SURENDRA, KORRAPATI; SUDHAKAR, K (MAJOR); VINOO, R; JAGADEESWAR RAO, S
    The present study was conducted on 255 animals belonging to Punganur breed and “Punganur type” cattle in order to establish the morphometric traits and to screen those two populations for known putative dwarf mutations. The coat colour in Punganur cattle was predominantly white (47%) followed by red (19%), combination of colours. Punganur animals were characterized by black muzzle, pigmented eye lids, black coloured hoofs, and flat forehead profile short ears horizontal in orientation with pointed tips. In majority of Punganur cattle horns are curved attaining crescent shape (71.6%) when fully grown, horns usually emerged sideward direction from top of the poll and oriented upwards, slightly forward or backward. Stumpy horns (17.9%), horns upward with sideward orientation (5.2%), and downwards (5.2%) were also observed. Small to medium sized cervico thoracic hump was observed. Udder was small and rounded or bowl in shape and having cylindrical teats. Teat tip was rounded in majority of animals. “Punganur type” animals were predominantly with white coat colors but black and broken colours are not uncommon. The pink and white muzzle and animals with loose horns and horns with irregular pattern are observed in this population. The mean height at withers in adult “Punganur type” animals was 96.75±1.03 cm and is significantly (p<0.05) high compared to Punganur animals (93.93±1.18 cm). The farm bred animals mean height at withers was 94.85±0.80 and in field animals was 95.83±1.44 cm, respectively. Least squares means for chest girth in adult Punganur was 132.28±1.78 and 133.95±1.56 cm in “Punganur type” animals. The corresponding value in farm and field animals were 122.93±1.20 and 143.30±2.17 cm respectively, which differed significantly (p<0.01). The mean tail length with switch in adult Punganur and “Punganur type” animals were 87.35±1.65 and 87.49±1.45 cm respectively. All the animals were screened for mutations in PRKG2, ACAN and EVC2 genes which are responsible for dwarfism in cattle. All the screened animals in both Punganur and “Punganur type” were of wild type without any mutations.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF NELLORE PALLA SHEEP AND ITS' GENETIC DIVERGENCE WITH OTHER VARIETIES OF NELLORE SHEEP
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-11) JAYA MADHURI, BHUMIREDDY; SUDHAKAR, K (MAJOR); MURALIDHAR, M; VENKATA SESHAIAH, Ch.
    The Indian subcontinent is conferred with a rich livestock genetic diversity. Forty three sheep breeds are registered in India representing abundant genetic resources. Of these, Nellore sheep breed is harboured in Andhra Pradesh and is the only recognised breed of the state. Three phenotypically distinct varieties viz. Palla, Brown and Jodipi are present in the Nellore breed based on their coat colour. The present study is carried out to genetically characterize the Nellore Palla sheep and document the genetic divergence among the three varieties of the Nellore sheep breed. Thirty two unrelated individuals from the hometract of Palla, nine each of Brown and Jodipi were sampled for the molecular studies. Fluroscent microsatellite markers were used to genetically characterize Palla population. The analysis revealed a total of 201 alleles across the 26 loci studied. The mean observed and effective number of alleles per locus was 7.73 and 5.82 respectively. The overall observed and expected heterozygosity across 26 loci was 0.52 and 0.69 respectively. The mean FIS value in the sampled population was 0.24 with a range varying between -0.24 (MAF209) to 0.77 (INRA063). The mean PIC value and the Shannon’s index value across the 26 loci was 0.643 and 1.49 respectively. The study concluded a considerable amount of genetic diversity in the Nellore Palla population. The genetic divergence among the three varieties was analyzed using mitochondrial control region. DNA was isolated from the individuals of three varieties and 885 bp region of the mtDNA control region was amplified and sequenced. The analysis for polymorphism and divergence was done with DnaSP software and the results concluded a high polymorphism with in the genetic groups. The genetic differentiation estimates revealed no genetic differentiation among the three varieties of Nellore sheep breed. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the haplotypes of the three varieties of Nellore were clustering with lineage A except for one haplotype of Palla variety which was clustering with lineage B.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC POLYMORPHISM AND EXPRESSION PROFILE OF BOVINE TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN 95 GENE (TMEM95)
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-09) SIDDHARTHA, BATCHU; SUDHAKAR, K(MAJOR); MURALIDHAR, M; ANITHA, A
    TMEM95 gene is known to be involved in idiopathic male subfertility in cattle. The present study was aimed at identifying polymorphism of TMEM95 gene in Ongole, Jersey, HF, Jersey crossbred, HF crossbred and Murrah bulls and to study tissue specific expression profile of the gene in buffalo. A total of 270 blood samples were collected from bulls across all the genetic groups maintained at different Frozen Semen Bull Stations maintained in Andhra Pradesh and University Livestock Research Station. The available sequences of Murrah buffalo, Mediterranian buffalo, Ongole cattle, Gir cattle, Herford cattle were used for identification of putative SNP variants. Three SNP loci namely, SNP1100 (rs209226692), SNP1275 and SNP2192 (rs41904693) were identified for genotyping. RFLP was employed to detect the polymorphic patterns to genotype the bulls for each locus. TMEM95/NlaIII digestion of 600 bp amplicon in Jersey crossbred and Ongole bulls resulted in all the three genotypes, whereas in Jersey, HF, and HF crossbred resulted in two genotypes for the C/T polymorphism. In none of the exotic breed cattle bulls studied CC genotype was observed. TMEM95/AvaII polymorphism at rs41904693 in all the cattle genetic groups revealed three genotypes i.e. TT, GG and TG. The frequency of G allele was observed to be more except in HF bulls. The TMEM95/TaqI genotyping revealed that all the cattle genetic groups are monophorphic (TT). The fixation of T allele at rs209226692 and rs41904693 loci in Murrah bulls was observed, but polymorphic at SNP1275. The effective number of alleles (Ne) across the studied genetic groups ranged between 1.069 (Jersey) and 1.471 (HF). In Ongole bulls the same value was much higher 1.957. The PIC values varied from 0.057 (Jersey) to 0.370 (Ongole) for SNP1100 and 0.269 (HF) to 0.374 (Jersey) for SNP2192 among the different cattle populations. The PIC value for SNP1275 estimated in Murrah was 0.360. The FIS values were negative ranging from – 0.0345 to – 0.2875 for SNP1100 in the cattle genetic groups except Jersey crossbred cattle. At SNP2192 the HF crossbred and Ongole were with negative FIS values. The only estimated locus in Murrah bull population was SNP1275 which showed a negative FIS value. Expression of TMEM95 gene was studied in testis and brain to understand the functional role of TMEM95 gene in bovine and bubaline male fertility. Seven primers were designed spanning various intron exon boundaries, that could differentiate the isoform that is being expressed in those tissues. Total RNA was isolated from testis and brain tissues. The successful amplification by all the primer combinations indicated the expression of all the isoforms (X1 to X7) in testis of cattle, but not in brain tissue. In buffalo, the primer combinations were amplified in testis. No amplification is observed in the brain tissue of buffalo with any of the primer combinations. However, the expression profile has not matched with any of the isoforms that are predicted in buffalo using orthologous information from cattle.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS OF VIZIANAGARAM SHEEP USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-04) PRASANNA, BARATAM; VINOO, R(MAJOR); MURALIDHAR, M; VENKATA SESHAIAH, Ch.
    India is bestowed with 43 recognized sheep breeds and several unrecognized genetic groups exists in different geographic locations which are yet to be documented and registered. So far Nellore is the only sheep breed that is recognized in Andhra Pradesh. Apart from this breed, other locally adopted genetic groups exist and one popular sheep among them is in north coastal region of Andhra Pradesh, called Vizianagaram sheep. The present study was carried out to establish breed characteristics of Vizianagaram sheep and also to assess the genetic diversity at molecular level using thirty microsatellite markers recommended by FAO for genetic diversity studies in sheep. A total of 451 sheep of different age groups were used to study the morphometric characters of Vizianagaram sheep and 56 blood samples from unrelated sheep were used for molecular studies. The predominant color of these animals is white with tan/brown/black color patches on nose line, lateral face, neck/mane, perineum, back and lower extremities. The ears in this genetic group of sheep are observed to be either pendulous or tubular. Few of the animals are with rudimentary ears. Prominent occipital bone, black patches around eyes, hair on thigh, dewlap and neck/mane region are the important features of this genetic group. The overall least squares means of body weights (kg), height at withers (cm), chest girth (cm) and body length (cm) were 22.10±0.76, 64.96±0.48, 68.67±0.64 and 62.30±0.42 at 2 teeth age, 26.03±0.75, 66.86±0.74, 72.33±0.78 and 65.13±0.55 at 4 teeth age, 28.89±1.21, 67.20±0.69, 74.75±1.07 and 65.76±0.81 at 6 teeth age and 28.09±0.62, 67.22±0.40, 76.76±0.51 and 65.89±0.37 at full mouth respectively. DNA isolated from 56 Vizianagaram and 40 Nellore Jodipi blood samples was utilized for microsatellite analysis. A total of 377 and 321 alleles were observed across 30 loci in Vizianagaram and Nellore Jodipi respectively. On an average about 11-12 alleles per locus were observed in both the genetic groups. Effective number of alleles range from 1.999 to 11.314 and 1.838 to 11.220 in Nellore Jodipi and Vizianagaram sheep respectively. The allele sizes ranged from 70bp (OARFCB20) to 293bp (ILSTS11) and 70bp to 283bp (ILSTS11) in Vizianagaram and Nellore Jodipi sheep, respectively. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity value was 0.685 and 0.757 in Vizianagaram population while it was 0.689 and 0.744 in Nellore Jodipi population. PIC of the markers ranged between 0.457 (OARCP38) and 0.861 (OARFCB304) in Vizianagaram sheep while it was 0.345 (MAF214) and 0.866 (ILSTS11) in Nellore Jodipi sheep. The mean FIS estimates among the two populations, were 0.084 for Nellore Jodipi and 0.086 for Vizianagaram sheep. The Pairwise Nei’s genetic distance and identity estimates were 1.6% and 98.5% respectively. The study concluded that Vizianagaram sheep were phenotypically distinct from other breeds with low genetic differentiation at molecular level.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CYTOGENETIC PROFILE OF CROSSBRED AND INDIGENOUS PIGS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-02) HARSHINI, V; SAKUNTHALA DEVI, K(MAJOR); PUNYA KUMARI, B; SURESH, J
    ABSTRACT: The present analysis was carried out on 30 blood samples of LWY crossbred pigs (15 females and 15 males) maintained at All India Coordinated Research Project on pig (AICRP), College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati, Chittor District of Andhra Pradesh and on 30 blood samples of indigenous pigs (15 females and 15 males) maintained by the farmers in and around Tirupati to study the cytogenetic profile of both the breeds and their morphometric measurements using short term leukocyte culture technique. The diploid chromosome number (2n) in both the breeds was 38 with XX and XY complement in females and males respectively and a fundamental number of 64 as in exotic pigs. Among 18 pairs of autosomes, first 5 pairs were sub-metacentric followed by 6th and 7th pair as sub-telocentric, next 5 pairs (8th to 12th pairs) were metacentric and remaining six pairs (13th to 18th) were telocentric. Among these one pair of allosomes i.e. X-chromosome was large metacentric, while Y-chromosome was metacentric and smallest chromosome of the karyotype. The least squares mean relative length of autosomes in LWY crossbred pigs ranged from 2.79±0.02 to 10.83±0.05 in females and 2.81±0.05 to 10.87±0.07 in males. The least squares mean relative length values for non-descript pigs ranged from 2.84±0.03 to 11.01±0.07 in females and 2.86±0.03 to 11.04±0.05 in males. The relative contribution of X-chromosome in LWY crossbred female and male pig was 4.67±0.01 and 4.65±0.04, whereas the values were 4.82±0.03 and 4.80±0.04 in non-descript pigs respectively. The mean relative contribution of Y-chromosome were 2.05±0.10 and 2.19±0.13 in LWY crossbred and non-descript pigs respectively. Genetic group had significant effect on the relative length of all autosomes and allosomes except 17th and 18th chromosomes, whereas sex had no significant effect on relative length of all chromosomes in both the breeds. The overall mean arm ratio of 12 pairs of autosomes ranged from 1.01±0.03 to 2.45±0.03 and 1.02±0.01 to 2.43±0.02 in LWY crossbred females and males respectively, whereas these values varied from 1.03±0.02 to 2.51±0.06 in females and 1.04±0.06 to 2.52±0.03 in males of non-descript pigs. The mean arm ratio values of X-chromosome was 1.15±0.04 in females and 1.13±0.03 in males of LWY crossbred pigs, while the respective mean values in non-descript pigs were 1.14±0.03 and 1.12±0.03 respectively. The arm ratio values of Y-chromosome were 1.17±0.02 and 1.18±0.02 in LWY crossbred and non-descript pigs. The mean centromeric indices of autosomes (1 to 12 pairs) differed from 0.50±0.04 to 0.71±0.02 and 0.52±0.03 to 0.72±0.03 in LWY crossbred female and male pigs, whereas it ranged from 0.51±0.01 to 0.82±0.01 and 0.53±0.05 to 0.83±0.02 respectively in non-descript pigs. The X-chromosome had mean centromeric index values of 0.53±0.03 and 0.52±0.03 in LWY crossbred female and male pigs, while the value for Y-chromosome was 0.56±0.02. The mean centromeric index values of X-chromosome in non-descript pigs were 0.52±0.02 and 0.54±0.02 in females and males, whereas for Y-chromosome, it was recorded as 0.55±0.01 respectively. The average morphological index value of autosomes ranged from 2.43±0.06 to 7.29±0.11 in females and 2.41±0.05 to 7.31±0.12 in males of LWY crossbred pigs, while X-chromosome had 5.85±0.05 and 5.84±0.05 respectively. The mean values for autosomes ranged in non-descript pigs were 2.42±0.02 to 7.96±0.14 and 2.44±0.04 to 7.98±0.13 in females and males, whereas X-chromosome had an index value 6.01±0.02 and 5.99±0.03 respectively. The values for Y-chromosome were 2.01±0.02 and 2.09±0.01 in LWY crossbred and non-descript pigs. In the present investigation with 128 metaphase spreads, a total of 311 NORs were detected in LWY crossbred and non-descript pigs. The mean number of NORs per metaphase was 2.67 and 2.20 in both breeds respectively. The highest frequency of metaphases (47.61% and 81.54%) had 2 number of NORs, whereas lowest frequency of metaphases (7.94% and 3.07%) had 4 number of NORs. The percentage share of silver deposits on 10th pair of chromosome accounts for 96.67 and 68.33 in LWY crossbred and non-descript pigs, whereas on 8th chromosome pair the percentage share of deposits were 44.16 and 51.67 respectively. The outcome of present study have revealed that the morphology, number and various morphometric measurements of the chromosomes in both the breeds were analogous to those reported in literature for various pig breeds like Canadian Lacombe, Landrace, Duroc, Thai wild boar, Nigerian indigenous pig, Niang Megha pig, Korean native pig, Polish Landrace, Hampshire, Large White Yorkshire, Turkish sus scrofa. Therefore, the efforts should be undertaken to recognize the non-descript pigs as a distinct breed of Andhra Pradesh.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A STUDY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC VARIATION IN NELLORE PALLA SHEEP
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-01) SAI HARINI, K; Punya kumara, B(MAJOR); Vinoo, R; Suresh Babu, D
    ABSTRACT: The southern peninsular region of India is home to fourteen descriptive mutton breeds, of which Nellore is the country's tallest sheep, predominantly distributed in areas of Nellore and Prakasam districts of Andhra Pradesh. Based on coat colour three varieties were seen: Jodipi, Brown (Dora) and Palla. Nellore Jodipi is predominant in its population followed by Brown and Palla. Nellore palla sheep are confined to only certain areas of Nellore district and very scanty information is available on the performance of the breed. The population of Nellore Palla is under threat (<1500). Hence, genetic and phenotypic evaluation of the breed is important not only from conservation point of view, but also to assess the level of inbreeding in the population. The present study was carried out to figure out productive and reproductive performance in Nellore Palla sheep under field conditions and also to assess the genetic structure of Nellore Palla sheep at molecular level using twenty four microsatellite markers recommended by ISAG/FAO for genetic diversity studies in sheep. A total of 347 sheep of different age groups were used to study the morphometric measurements of Nellore palla sheep and 50 blood samples from unrelated sheep flocks were used for molecular studies. The overall least squares means of body weights (kg), height at withers, chest girth, paunch girth and body length were 35.18 ± 0.27, 78.47 ± 1.55, 80.82 ± 0.66, 80.93 ± 1.37 and 69.90 ± 0.83 at 2- teeth age, 39.65 ± 0.33, 82.45 ± 0.98, 84.57 ± 0.72, 84.11 ± 1.34 and 72.23 ± 1.02 at 4- teeth age, 41.18 ± 0.56, 83.63 ± 0.64, 86.32 ± 0.74, 85.88 ± 1.23 and 74.55 ± 0.81 at 6- teeth age, 45.00 ± 0.46, 85.22 ± 1.97, 87.17 ± 0.58, 86.14 ± 0.52 and 76.17 ± 0.33 at 8- teeth of age respectively. Villages and sex showed a significant (p<0.01) effect at all ages and the parameters studied. The overall least squares means of age at first mating in males, age at first mating in females, age at first lambing, tupping and lambing percentages were 598.03 ± 3.02 days, 361.54 ± 1.09 days, 509.32 ± 1.00 days, 81.06 ± 1.61 and 73.37 ± 1.53 percent, respectively. The coefficient of correlations between body weights with the height at withers, chest girth, paunch girth and body length varied from 0.58(PG) to 1.00(CG) in males and 0.16(PG) to 0.69(HW) in females. A perfect phonotypic correlation (1.00) was observed for body weights and height at withers at in 8- teeth age males and for body weights and chest girth for males at 6- teeth age. All the correlations were positive and highly significant (p<0.01) in majority of the age groups studied. The standard Phenol-Chloroform method was used for isolation of DNA from 50 blood samples. The quality and quantity of DNA was checked by agarose gel electrophoresis and Nanodrop spectrophotometer, respectively. The allele frequencies, observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, within population inbreeding estimates (FIS) were computed using POPGENE32 software. A total of 189 alleles were found across the 24 microsatellite loci studied. The number of alleles at each locus ranged from five (BM6506, CSSM31 and HUJ616) to a maximum of thirteen (BM827 and OARHH64) with a mean of 7.8 alleles across all loci. The allele sizes ranged from a minimum of 81 bp (OarJMP8) to a maximum of 258 bp in MAF214, while, the allele frequencies ranged from a minimum of 0.010 (BM827, INRA63, OarFCB48 and OarHH64) to a maximum of 0.40 (OarFCB128). The mean effective number of alleles was 6.6452 ± 0.3933 which was less than the observed number of alleles and ranged from 3.4916 (CSSM31) to 11.574 (BM827). The observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.00 (BM1314, BM6506, BM8125, HUJ616, OARCP20, OARFCB128, OARJMP8) to 0.16 (OARHH64) and from 0.7208 (CSSM31) to 0.9228 (BM827) with an overall value of 0.0626 ± 0.010 and 0.8361 ± 0.009, respectively. All the twenty four microsatellite loci were found to be highly polymorphic and the PIC values ranged from 0.6616 (CSSM31) to 0.9136 (BM827) with a mean of 0.8171. The FIS values were found positive and ranged from 0.8201 (OARHH64) to 1.000 (BM1314, BM6506, BM8125, HUJ616, OARCP20, OARFCB128, OARJMP8). The mean FIS value across the twenty four loci observed was 0.9257. The χ2 test revealed that all the twenty four loci deviated significantly from Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN ONGOLE AND PUNGANUR CATTLE BREEDS THROUGH MICROSATELLITE TYPING
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2013-04) ASHA, UPPUTURI; Sakunthala Devi, K(MAJOR); Rajkumar, U; Harikrishna, Ch
    ABSTRACT: Twenty dinucleotide microsatellite markers viz ETHOLO, ILSTSOOS, TGLA122, INRA035, INRA063, HEL001, TGLA 126, INRAOOS, ILSTS006, INRA032, ETH225, CSRM060, BMI 824, TGLA053, INRAO37, ETHO03, TGLA227, MM012, HAUT024 and HAUT027 were used for Assessment of genetic diversity in Ongole and Punganur cattle breeds through Microsatellite typing. The mean quantity of DNA was 2.96 pdml in Ongole and 3.16 pg/ml in Punganur cattle. Mean optical absorbance ratio (2601280nm) was 1.78 in both Ongole and Punganur cattle indicating good quality of genomic DNA. Out of the total 216 alleles detected, 98 alleles were specific to Ongole and 75 alleles were specific to Punganur. Mean number of alleles obtained at each locus varied from 1 to 12 in Ongole and 1 to 13 in Punganur cattle. The overall mean effective number of alleles was found to be 4.09 in Ongole and 3.41 in Punganur cattle. The overall mean expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity were 0.65 and 0.33 in Ongole and 0.55 and 0.3 1 in Punganur breed, respectively. The overall mean PIC values observed were 0.62 and 0.53 in Ongole and Punganur breeds respectively. The mean inbreeding coefficient (Fls) obtained in the present study was 0.456 for Ongole and 0.434 in Punganur breed. F-statistics revealed moderate inbreeding within the breeds and existence of moderate relationship between the Ongole and Punganur cattle. In Ongole population, loci ETHO10, TGLA122, INRA035, INRA063, HEL001, ILSTS006, TGLA126, ETH225, CSRM60, TGLA053, INRA037, ETH003, MM012, HAUT027 and HAUT024 were deviated significantly from the equilibrium frequency (I'c0.01). In Punganur breed, except the locus TGLA126, ETH225 and CSRMO60, all other loci deviated significantly (Ps0.01) from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN CROSSBRED PIGS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2010-07) PANDU RANGA REDDY, P; PUNYA KUMARI, B(MAJOR); GNANA PRAKASH, M; SURESH, J
    ABSTRACT: Data on 1662 pigs belonging to 50 and 75% Large White Yorkshire (LWY)-desi crossbreds maintained at All India Coordinated Research Project on Pigs, Tirupati born during 2005 to 2010 were utilizd to study the influenct of genetic and non-gcnctic factors on reproductive traits, litter traits, body weights, body measurements and avcrage daily gains. Prediction equations were developed to cstirnatc body weights based on body meanmments. Genetic parameters were estimated for various traits. The overall least squares means for AFS, AFF, FL GP and SP were 329.05 * 2.90, 440.42 * 2.80, 171.15 ~t 2.97, 111.28 zt 0.26 and 283.87 * 3.00 days respectively. The effects of pcriod and stason only were significant on reproductive baits. The overall kast quarts mean LSB, LSW and LWB and LWW were 7.59 * 0.17, 6.94 0.16 piglets and 8.40 + 0.18 and 66.92 * 1.42 kg, respectively. The effects of pcriod and parity were significant (Pg.O1) on majority of the litter traits. The overall least squares mcan body weights were 1.13 * 0.02, 2.13 It 0.01, 3.19 * 0.02, 4.29 * 0.02, 5.41 It 0.03, 6.48 0.03, 7.55 * 0.04, 8.72 * 0.05 and 9.97 * 0.06 kg at birth, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 wks of age, respectively. Genetic group, period, parity and litter size pup affected all pre weaning body weights highly significantly except for the non-significant effect of stason on body weight at birth. Scxual dimorphism in favour of males was evident from 1 to 6 weeks of age. Body weights of piglets born in rainy and winter seasons and those from smaller litters recorded significantly higher body weights. The overall least squares means for BL, HW. HG and PG varied from 22.68 to 50.58, 16.91 to 36.65, 23.27 to 47.43, 19.03 to 42.19 cm from bid to 8 weeks of age. The effect of litter size group was significant on all the biomctrical measurements at various ages. Season also influenced body measurements at birth, 2 and 8 weeks of age significantly where as at other ages it influmced one (or) more traits but not all. Parity e f f i was significant on all the body measurements at 4 and 6 weeks of age. Sexual dimorphism was evident on all the body measurements at birth only. Significant effect of genetic group was observed only on heart girth and paunch girth at birth and 2 woeks of age, respectively. The overall least squares mean ADG during 0 to 2, 2 to 4, 4 to 6, 6 to 8 and birth to 8 weeks wm 0.150 + 0.001, 0.160 f 0.001, 0.150 * 0.002, 0.170 * 0.002 and 0.160 * 0.001 kg, respectively. Pigs from smaller litters recorded significantly higher ADGs. Heritability of gestation period in 75% LWY group was 0.08 * 0.38 while that of litter traits ranged hm 0.14 + 0.35 to 0.32 + 0.48 among the genetic groups. Heritability estimates varied from 0.19 + 0.09 to 0.97 * 0.22 for body weights and from 0.13 * 0.08 to 0.80 f 0.17 for ADGs. Heritability estimates among body measurements were medium to high. The genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations among gestation period and litter traits ranged hm -0.76 to 029, -0.24 to 0.01 and -0.22 to 0.35, while those among litter baits wm all positive and high. Genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations among body weights were positive and medium to high. Phenotypic comlations among body weights were all positive. Comlations among ADGs were very low without any consistent trend. Phenotypic correlations among body measurements ranged from - 0.0 1 to 0.9 1 and among body weights and measurements, it ranged from -0.03 to 0.86. Prediction equations were developed to predict body weight at birth 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age based on cOrnSponding measurements on each genetic group. The R~ values varied from 69.1 to 81.7 percent among the genetic groups. Multiple regression equations developed at 2 and 8 weeks of age were found to be most efficient of all.