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ThesisItem Open Access Knowledge and Adoption of Improved Turmeric Cultivation Practices by the Farmers in Udaipur District of Rajasthan(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) KUMAWAT, SARITA; S. S. Sisodia; MPUAT, UdaipurThe present study entitled “Knowledge and Adoption of Improved Turmeric Cultivation Practices by the Farmers in Udaipur District of Rajasthan” with the following specific objective: 1. To study personal socio-economic characteristics of the turmeric growers. 2. To assess knowledge of farmers about improved turmeric cultivation practices. 3. To measure extent of adoption of farmers about improved turmeric cultivation practices. 4. To identify relationship between personal characteristics of turmeric growers with their knowledge and adoption. 5. To identify constraints being faced by turmeric growers and give suggestions to growers for overcome them. A study was conducted in Udaipur district of MPUAT service area. Because maximum number of turmeric growers are present in Udaipur district of MPUAT service area and climatic conditions are most suitable for cultivation of turmeric. The purpose was to know the Knowledge and adoption of improved turmeric cultivation practices by the farmers. The present study was conducted in Jhadol and Gogunda panchayat samities in Udaipur district of Rajasthan. Five villages from each panchayat samiti were taken on the basis of maximum area under turmeric cultivation. Thus, total 10 villages were selected for the study. For selection of respondents, comprehensive list of turmeric growers was prepared and 10 respondents were selected randomly form each selected village. Thus, a total number of 100 farmers were included in sample of the study. Data were collected through pre structured interview schedule. Thereafter, data were analyzed and results were interpreted as given below: The findings of the study revealed that 60.00 per cent respondents belonged to middle age group of 33-64 years. Only 18.00 per cent respondents were found in young age group of less than 33 years. 51.00 per cent respondents were having Pakka house. While, 49.00 per cent respondents of study area were having Kaccha house. 52.00 per cent respondents belonged to nuclear families and remaining 48.00 per cent respondents belonged to joint families. Maximum 77.00 per cent of respondents belonged to medium income group i.e., Rs. 29,624 to Rs.1,55,205 per annum. Detailed study revealed that 40.00 per cent respondents were belongs to ST caste and only 17.00 per cent were belongs to General caste. 44.00 per cent respondents were marginal farmers. Whereas, only 19.00 per cent respondents were semi-medium farmers. None of the respondents were medium and large farmers. The study revealed that one third (31.00%) of respondents were educated up to primary and only 09.00 per cent respondents were educated up to graduation & above level. Majority (74.00%) of respondents reported to have medium level of sources of information. Only 12.00 per cent respondents were using low level of sources of information. The study indicates that majority (71.00%) of respondents fell in medium level knowledge group. Only 12.00 per cent turmeric growers were observed in low-level knowledge group. It was revealed that among the selected aspects of knowledge, “Knowledge about harvesting of crop” got first position with total MPS 72.00. It was found that majority (63.00%) respondents fell in medium level of adoption group. Only 16.00 per cent respondents were observed in high level of adoption group about improved turmeric cultivation practices. It was concluded that among the selected aspect of adoption, Adoption of farmers about “Irrigation schedule” with total MPS 29.75 and was ranked first. It was observed that type of house and caste of respondents from both panchayat samities has non-significant relationship with their knowledge and adoption about improved turmeric cultivation practices. The study indicates that majority (65.00%) of respondents observed in medium constraint level. Whereas, 20.00 per cent respondents found in high constraint level and remaining only 15.00 per cent respondents observed in low constraint level. The study concluded that among the selected aspects of constraints, “Improved varieties” related constraints were the most severe constraint encountered by majority of the respondents with overall MPS 86.66 and was ranked first.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Nutrient Management Approaches on Performance of Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids at Varying Plant Densities(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2018) Singh, Bahadur; Mundra, S.L.Effect of Nutrient Management Approaches on Performance of Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids at Varying Plant Densities” Bahadur Singh* Dr. S.L.Mundra** Researcher Scholar Major Advisor ABSTRACT An experiment entitled “Effect of Nutrient Management Approaches on Performance of Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids at Varying Plant Densities” was conducted on clay loam soils having medium fertility status (269.0, 270.5 kg N and 19.0, 19.2 kg P2O5 ha-1) but high in available potassium (298.5 and 300.8 kg K2O ha-1) at Instruction Farm, Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur during two consecutive kharif season of 2014 and 2015 with the objective to select most suitable nutrient management approach for QPM hybrids under varying crop geometry. The experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations comprising two hybrids (HQPM-1 and Pratap QPM hybrid-1), two plant densities [normal (60cm x 20 cm) and high (50cm x 20 cm) density] and four nutrient management approaches (RDF, SSNM, STCR and Green Seeker approach) were evaluated under split plot design with 4 replications keeping density and QPM hybrids in main plot and nutrient management approaches in sub plots. The results on pooled basis revealed that between two hybrids, “HQPM-1” produced significantly taller plants over “Pratap QPM hybrid-1” at all the successive growth stages. Likewise, dry matter accumulation, CGR, RGR and NAR at different stages/duration and stem girth at harvest of “HQPM-1” was significantly higher over Pratap QPM hybrid-1. Hybrid under test did not show any variation in plant population at 25 DAS and at harvest as well as leaf area index between successive durations. HQPM-1” delayed in 50 % tasseling and silking compared to “Pratap QPM hybrid-1”, however, days to maturity in both of hybrids was statistically similar. Amongst yield attributing characters viz number of grains cob-1, grains rows cob-1, grains row-1, grain weight cob-1, cob weight and test weight recorded under “HQPM-1” were significantly higher over Pratap QPM hybrid-1 reflecting the highest grain, stover and biological yield. Barren cobs ha-1, cobs plant-1, cob length, cob girth, shelling per cent and harvest index did not show significant variation in both of the hybrids under test. Likewise, N and P content, their uptake by plant at 50 DAS, their content in grain and stover at harvest and total uptake were significantly higher under “HQPM-1”. In terms of other quality parameters viz. chlorophyll content at 25 and 50 DAS and protein content in grain of “HQPM-1” proved superior over Pratap QPM hybrid-1. On pooled basis the plots with HQPM-1 and Pratap QPM hybrid-1 had failed to record perceptible variation in N, P and K status of soil before sowing , 50 DAS and after harvest. However, P status of soil at 50 DAS was recoded higher in “HQPM-1” plots as compared to “Pratap QPM hybrid-1”. The highest net return (` 42207 ha-1) and B C ratio (1.78) were realized with growing of “HQPM-1” indicating a net gain of ` 6366 ha-1 with B C ratio 0.27 over “Pratap QPM Hybrid-1” Plant population recorded under high density was significantly higher over normal density planting at 25 DAS and at harvest. The highest plant height was recorded under high plant density at various successive growth stages compared to normal plant density. The results indicated that plant density of 83,333 ha-1 has produced maximum dry mater at * Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Agronomy, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur ** Professor, Department of Agronomy, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur successive stages, and CGR, RGR and NAR between successive durations and stem girth at harvest compared to 1, 00,000 plant ha-1. However, plant densities failed to record a significant variation in days to 50 per cent tasseling and silking, days to maturity and LAI at 25, 50 and 75 DAS. The results reveal that normal plant density produced maximum cobs plant-1, cob length, cob weight, grain weight and test weigh of maize hybrid over high density. However, high plant density produced maximum grain (46.03 q ha-1), stover (68.55 q ha- 1), biological yield (114.58 q ha-1) and shelling per cent (79.83 %) on pooled basis. The plant densities failed to record a significant variation in remaining yield attributes i.e. barren cobs ha-1, number of grains row-1, number of rows cob-1, number of grains cob-1 and harvest index. Increase in plant density from 83,333 to 1,00,000 ha-1 significantly reduced chlorophyll content at 25 and 50 DAS, N, P and protein content of grain and plant. However, increase in plant density from 83,333 to 1,00,000 plants ha-1 significantly increase N and P uptake by plants at 50 DAS. Plant densities recorded a significant variation in N and P uptake by stover. The N, P and K retained in soil with 83,333 and 1,00,000 plants ha-1 failed to record a significant variation before sowing of crop. While, at 50 DAS and after harvest N, P and K retained in soil decreased with increased plant densities. Increase in plant density from 83,333 to 1,00,000 plants ha-1 significantly increased net return by ` 4082 ha-1 and B C ratio by 0.16. Application of STCR based nutrient approach recorded the highest plant height at successive growth stages over rest of the approaches. STCR approach recorded significantly higher dry matter accumulation, LAI at 50 and 75 DAS, CGR and NAR between 25-50 and 50-75 DAS, RGR between 50-75 DAS and stem girth at harvest over SSNM, RDF and Green seeker approaches. However, LAI at 25 DAS and RGR between 25-50 DAS was statistically at par with SSNM approach. Enriching fertility with STCR based nutrient approach significantly delayed days to maturity (5.57 days) over Green seeker approach. All the yield attributing parameters improved significantly under STCR approach which was closely followed by SSNM and this treatment was found superior over RDF and Green seeker in this respect except number of rows cob-1. Grain (50.75 q ha-1), stover (76.52 q ha-1) and biological yield (127.27 q ha-1) was also recorded maximum under STCR based approach over other nutrient management approaches. Nutrient management approaches failed to record a significant variation in plant population at 25 DAS and at harvest and harvest index. Chlorophyll content at 50 DAS, protein content in grain, nutrient content (N and P) and their uptake (N and P) by grain and plant and total uptake was higher under STCR based nutrient management approach over rest of nutrient management approaches. Chlorophyll content at 25 DAS (1.92 mg g-1) was higher under Green seeker approach. Available N, P and K were recorded maximum under STCR approach at 50 DAS and after harvest, however, failed to record a significant difference before sowing of crop. Application of STCR based fertility proved economically beneficial which recorded net return of ` 47295 ha-1 and B C ratio ofThesisItem Open Access A Study on Sibling Relationship during Late Adulthood(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2015) Mehta, Shreya; Dhaker, RenuThe present study was undertaken to assess the sibling relationship during late adulthood years within the age range of 60-75 years . The study was conducted in the municipal limits of Udaipur city. The sample of the present study consisted of 180 respondents of late adulthood years belonging to middle income group. The total sample comprised of three dyads i.e. brother- sister dyad, sister -sister dyad brother-brother dyad. Thirty pairs of each dyad were selected. Adult Sibling Relationship Scale developed by Katoch (2008) was modified and used for data collection. The scale was completed by the respondents. Percentage distribution and paired‘t’ test were used for analysis of data. The results were as follows: 1. Contact maintained was mostly within the moderate and high range for a brother (with his sister) and a sister (with her brother). A high margin of brothers experienced moderate levels of conflict with their sisters in brother-sister. 2. Contact maintained was moderate; emotional closeness was high and low level of conflict was seen among sister-sister dyad. 3. In terms of contact maintained, emotional closeness and conflict majority maintained at moderated level amongst brother-brother dyad. 4. In brother-sister dyad, both brothers and sisters have described their relationship as congenial. 5. In sister-sister dyad, majority of both the sister’s expressed congenial relationship. Few expressed their relationship as loyal and intimate. Brother – brother relationship was found to be distributed across four types of sibling relationship i.e. intimate, congenial, loyal and apathetic. 6. Paired t test value indicated difference at 5 per cent level of significance amongst all the dyads i.e. brother- sister dyad, sister- sister dyad and brother- brother dyad in intra dyad relationship. 7. Inter dyad sibling relationship differed significantly at 5% level of significance amongst brother- sister and sister-sister dyad (t=0.33), sister-sister and brother-brother dyad (t=0.006), brother-brother and brother-sister dyad (t=0.027). Hence it is concluded that that there is a strong emotional and communication bonding between all the dyads with sister-sister dyad being the strongest.ThesisItem Open Access Adoption of Improved Black Gram (Vigna Mungo L.) Cultivation Practices by Farm Women of Bhilwara District, Rajasthan(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2015) Jat, Seema; Godawat, AshaThe present study was undertaken to find out knowledge and adoption of improved black gram cultivation practices by the farm women and the constraints faced by them in adoption of improved black gram cultivation practices. The study was conducted purposively in Mandalgarh and Jahazpur panchayat samiti of Bhilwara district, Rajasthan. Two villages from each panchayat samiti and 25 farm women each village was selected randomly. The total sample consisted of 100 farm women. Interview technique was used to collect information from the respondents. The schedule consisted of information about background of the respondents, knowledge of the respondents regarding black gram cultivation practices and their adoption and constraints faced by them in adoption of practices. Interview technique was used for data collection. Frequency Percentage and Mean Percent Score were calculated to analyze the data. The profile of the respondents revealed that majority of the respondents were in the age group of 31-45 years, belonged to OBC and were illiterate, 15 per cent were SC/ST and 10 per cent of them were from upper middle class. More than half of the respondents had 1- 2 acres agriculture land and less than one acres land was hold by 21 per cent respondents. More than 50 per cent respondents cultivated black gram in 0.5-1 acres area and 35 per cent of them cultivated black gram in 1-2 acres area. More than half of respondents had joint family consisted of 5-8 members. Farming was the main occupation of 92 per cent respondents however 6 per cent were farm labor, and 2 per cent respondents were working in govt. department. 17 per cent of them were involved in other subsidiary occupation along with the agriculture i.e. working as agriculture labor, anganwadi worker and teacher in private school. Thirteen per cent respondents were beneficiaries of MGNREGA. Knowledge of the farm women about improved black gram cultivation practices revealed that majority of the respondents (89%) were in the category of average knowledge and 11 per cent respondents were in the category of good knowledge (overall MPS 57.11).The adoption of improved black gram cultivation practices revealed that more than fifty per cent respondents were in the category of medium level of adoption, 42 and 5 per cent of them were in the low and high level of adoption respectively. Lack of training institutions for training (100%), non-availability of improved seeds (90%), absence of regulated market and non-availability of labor (81%), lack of cooperating market system (76%) and lower prices of the product at the time harvesting (70%) were the major constraints faced by the respondents. From the study it could be inferred that farm women possessed average to good knowledge in improved practices of black gram cultivation but the adoption of these practices was found to be low as compare to the knowledge. Thus, there is a need to motivate them for adoption and participation in training programs on improved cultivation practices of black gram conducted by Govt. and NGOs.ThesisItem Open Access Effect on The Properties of Concrete and Mortar, with Partial Replacement of Cement to Rice Husk Ash and Sand to Marble Dust Slurry(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2015) Patidar, Komal; Shekhawat, R. S.Concrete is a widely used structural material. Fine aggregate is one of the essential components of concrete. Natural river sand is the most commonly used for fine aggregate. However, increase in demand and depletion of river sand, along with restrictions imposed on the exploitation of the river sand, have resulted in search for a suitable alternative. On the other hand, industrial wastes have continued to increase due to the continued demands of resource use by humans and dumping or disposal of these materials causes environmental and health problems. Therefore, recycling of waste materials are great potential in concrete industry. Very recently, several researchers have used manufactured fine aggregate as a partial replacement of natural sand, and investigated its effect on major concrete properties. Similarly, Marble dust slurry, fine aggregate could be an alternative to natural sand. It is a by-product generated from stone industry during the production of Marble by Cutting and Finishing processes (wet process). Marble dust slurry, which are generally considered as a waste material, cause an environmental load due to disposal problem. Hence, the use of Marble dust slurry as fine aggregate in concrete and mortar mixtures will reduce not only the demand for natural sand but also the environmental burden. Moreover, the incorporation of Marble dust slurry fine aggregate will offset the production cost of concrete and mortar. In brief, the successful utilization of Marble dust slurry fine aggregate will turn this waste material into a valuable resource. The use of industrial and biogenic wastes in concrete as supplementary cementing materials is the present vital issue to obtain a sustainable environmental solution, save energy and natural resources. Some of the commonly used supplementary pozzolanic and cementing materials are rice husk ash (RHA), Silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash and ash from timber etc. These waste can be found as natural materials, by-products or industrial wastes; these materials are also obtained with requiring low cost, energy and time. Rice husk, basically an agricultural residue, is obtained from rice processing mills of the developing countries. Only a small amount of produced husk is used as fuel in rice mill and electricity generating power plant. After burning rice husk, the RHA is produced as a by-product, about 20% of its original weight. In the present study, the replacement level of Marble dust slurry with natural sand (river sand) and Rice Husk Ash with cement optimised. The influence of optimised combination of MDS on fresh (slump) and hardened concrete properties (Compressive strength, flexure strength and Modulus of Elasticity) in concrete were assessed. Further, the possibility of using MDS in masonry mortar and plaster mortar was explored. An attempt was also made to standardise the mason defined consistency through an empirical apparatus. From the results obtained in this study, it is clear that the Marble dust slurry can be used as a suitable replacement material in concrete and mortar applications. In this project, the partial replacement of Rice husk ash with cement and Marble dust slurry with sand has been tested at different ratio such as 0%,5%10,%15%,20% and 25%. On the different mixture and different ratio of w/c, the cube of 150mm*150mm*150mm and 70.7mm*70.7mm*70.7mm has been tested on 7days, 28days and 90days. On the basis of above test, the partial replacement of Rice husk ash and Marble dust slurry, has given the better result. This research emphasises on the using waste materials, and this research can be useful to the construction industry. This will help us to save environment and improve the eco-system. We can conclude by above research that the partial replacement of Rice husk ash and Marble dust slurries, gives best compressive strength and flexural strength at the appropriate percentage i.e. 10% to 20%, but the strength reduced if the percentage of replacement is increased.ThesisItem Open Access A Study on Social intelligence of college student in udaipur city(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2015) Kumawat, Anjana; Audichya, SumanThe present study was an attempt to assess the social intelligence of college students (Boys and Girls) of 19-21 years old. 120 boys and 120 girls in the age group of19-21 years were randomly drawn from government and private colleges in Udaipur city. Social intelligence scale was used to assess the overall social intelligence level of college students and its dimensions like patience, cooperativeness, confidence, sensitivity, recognition of social environment, tactfulness, sense of humour and memory dimensions. The data obtained were analyzed in the light of the objectives set for present investigation. The overall social intelligence and its dimensions were assessed by percentage distribution separately for boys and girls. z test was applied to find out the significant differences in social intelligence and its dimensions between boys and girls of 19-21 years old. Institution wise significant differences in social intelligence and its dimensions were also assessed. Major findings of study were : Findings revealed that majority of the subjects passed with first division. Many of them participated in cultural and literary activities in the college. There was no significant difference between boys and girls regarding over all social intelligence and in dimension of patience, confidence, and sensitivity, Recognition of social environment, tactfulness and sense of humour. Significant difference was observed between boys and girls (at 0.01% level of significance) in cooperativeness and memory dimension of social intelligence. Significant difference was observed between student studying in private and government institution in the dimension etc. cooperativeness, confidence, recognition of social environment, memory dimension and over all social intelligence at 0.05% level of significance. The students of government colleges had significantly higher mean values on these dimensions as compared to students of private colleges.ThesisItem Open Access Work-Family Conflict, Job Satisfaction and General Well-Being of Working Women(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2015) Dewra, Anjali; Ahlawat, IndraThe present study was undertaken with the objective to find the interrelationship between work-family conflict, job satisfaction and general well-being of working women. The sample consisted of purposively selected 120 professionally employed women working full time (6-8 hours) in government and government aided organizations. Sample consisted working women living in nuclear families with full time employed spouse in professional jobs, having eldest child in the age group of 2-6 years and residing within the municipal limits of Udaipur city. For data collection background information proforma and three standardized tools viz. Work-family Conflict Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale and PGI General Wellbeing Scale were used. The major findings of the study were: 1. Majority of the professionally employed women (60%) had average level of work-family conflict indicating that they felt strain due to competing demands from work and family. The percentage of respondents in high category of work-family conflict was 31.7 per cent and in low category was 8.3 per cent. 2. Majority of the professionally employed women (53.3%) were moderately satisfied with their job and 20 per cent respondents had high job satisfaction which means that majority of respondents have positive attitude toward their job. 3. The percentage of professionally employed women, who had average level of general well-being, was 45.8% and in high category was 29.2 per cent showing subjective feeling of contentment, happiness and satisfaction with their life's experience. The percentage of respondents in low category of general well-being was 25.0 per cent. 4. Significant negative relationship was found between work-family conflict and job satisfaction of professionally employed women. 5. Significant negative relationship was found between work-family conflict and general well-being of the professionally employed women. 6. A significant positive relationship was established between job satisfaction and general well-being in professionally employed women. 7. Work-family conflict, job satisfaction and general well-being of professionally employed women were found to be interdependent and inter-related with each other. Hence, it is concluded that professionally employed women felt work-family conflict inspite of their high job satisfaction and general well-being which indicate that there is dire need to minimize their work-family conflict through various efforts so that they can achieve balance between work and family life. The study has its implication for educators, counsellors, social workers, scholars of human development, dual-career couples and agencies working for employed women
