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ThesisItem Open Access 1 STUDY OF ADOPTION OF IMPROVED IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN MULA COMMAND AREA OF AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, 1987) Takate, S. V.; Khot, B.B.In India, irrigated area constitutes about thirty per cent of the total gross cropped area.. This means that still 70 per cent of the gross cropped area is dependent on monsoon and crop production is largely conditioned by rain fall, which is largely erratic and uncertain. Water potential of Maharashtra is also limited. Out of the gross cropped area of 20.00 million hectares in the 43tate, only 2.5 million hectares is now irrigated, amounting to 12.5 per cent of the gross cropped area. Under such circumstances and with the limited resources of water for irrigation, development and acceptance of irrigation water management technology is getting the prime attention for increasing crop production. It is generally observed that farmers do not use irrigation water Judiciously. The extent of adoption of water management practices is also observed to be low. The present research was.therefore, undertaken with the follo wing specific objectives. spread over three talukas viz; Rahuri, Newasa and Shevgaon of Ahraednagar district, are receiving irrigation water from Mula Irrigation Project. Multi-stage random sampling procedure was used for selecting the farmers for the study. Out of the 171 villages, 10 villages were selected purposi vely. From the selected villages, 150 respondents could be interviewed which formed the final size of sample of the study. Improved irrigation water management practices in respect of the two major crops viz; Rabi Jowar and Sugarcane grown in command area were standerdized for the present study.ThesisItem Open Access "1 STUDY OF IMPACT OF INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (IRDP) ON ITS BENEFICIARIES IN KALLAM TALUKA OF 0SMANABAD DISTRICT(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, 1989) Randibe, B.S.; Kamble, L.P.India is a vast country. It stands seventh in the world in terms of area and ranks second largest in terms of population. As per 1981 census country's population was 668 million. Out of this about 78 per cent live in rural areas and nearly 48 per cent of them live below poverty line. A large proportion of the rural population is subject to low income and poverty. Both Central and State Governments have been implementing various developmental welfare programmes for improving the conditions of poor sections for the last one and half decades of planningThe number of developmental schemes like Command Area Development Scheme, Drought Prone Area Development Programme, Small Farmers' Development Agency and Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labourers etc. were introduced from time to time. Integrated Rural Development Programme is one of them which was launched in the year 1978-79. The main objective of this programme is to identify the weaker sections, who are below poverty line viz., small farmers, marginal farmers, Agricultural labourers, rural artisans, small and petty business men etc., to lift them above the poverty line by providing productive assets. With this background study entitled, WA study of Impact of Integrated Rural Development Programme on its beneficiaries in Kallam Taluka of Osmanabad District (M.S.)M has been conducted and tried to highlight the impact of IRDP implementation in the selected villages of the Block and also suggests suitable measures for its effective implementation. The present study was conducted in Kallam Taluka of Osmanabad district comprising 121 villages. Ten villages were purposively selected. The list of benefi ciaries from selected villages were obtained from the Gramsevak and Panchayat Samiti Office, and then 150 beneficiaries were selected by the 'n'th method of rando mization. Thus, the number of beneficiaries selected was proportionate to the total number of beneficiaries in the selected villages. Additional five members were selected from each village in view of the probability of non availability of the respondents for interview due to some reasons. The data were collected from the 150 selected beneficiaries during their leisure time with the help of well prepared interview schedule. The qualitative data were quantified in view of the objectives. Simple percentageswere worked out to describe the characteristics of the beneficiaries as well as to find out problems of the beneficiaries with respect to IRDP and information sources used by them. The extent of impact of IRDP on the beneficiaries considering different impact aspects was calculated by assigning scores. To find out relationship between selected characteristics and impact aspects i.e. increase in annual income, employment oppor tunities, extent of loans and subsidies secured, increase in capital resources, adoption of relevant agricultural technology, increase in material assets, nutritional status, health services, educational facilities and family planning measures, coefficient of correlation (r) was calculated.ThesisItem Open Access 1 STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF PANCHAGANGA CO-OPERATIVE SUGAR FACTORY ON THE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE FARMERS(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, 1990) Suryavanshi, C.Y.; Nayak, H.S.After the independence of India, a massive programme of rural development have been launched. The efforts of Government in this direction have been supplemented by various rural development activities of voluntary organiza tions and corporate bodies. Cooperative Sugar Factories in Maharashtra are playing a vital role in argumenting the progress of rural development. Almost all the cooperative sugar factories in Maharashtra are implementing agricultural development programmes with the objective raising the economic condition as well as for socio-economic transforma tion of the share holders. It was felt necessary to know how far these programmes have been effective to achieve the objective. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the impact of Panchaganga Co-operative Sugar Factory on the agricultural development and socio-economic status of the farmersThe study was conducted in the operational area of the Panchaganga Cooperative Sugar Factory in Kolhapur District of Maharashtra State. Out of the 102 villages, one village each from the nine circles was randomly selected and from these nine villages proportionate number of share holders were randomly selected by 'n'th method. Out of the 157 share holders selected, the data could be actually collected from 152 share holders through structured interview schedule. It was observed that 40 per cent share holders belonged to middle age group, 53 per cent had primary education, 51 per cent had income ranging between Rs.10001 to 23000, 46 per cent had less than 2 ha size of holding, 41 per cent of them were growing sugarcane crop on an area of 1.1 to .2 ha. Majority of share holders (more than 50 per cent) had medium level of social participation, cosmopoliteness and socio-economic status. As regagards knowledge of agricultural development programme of the factory and the extent of programme benefits, it was revealed that more than half of the share holders (56 per cent) belonged to medium knowledge level category and 59 per cent were in medium level of programme benefit category. The cropping pattern of share holders changed after they secured membership of the factory. The agricultural development programmes of the factory resulted in increasing sugarcane yield from 67 tons per hectare to 93 tons per hectare. The percentage share holders having secondary occupation was found to be increased from 24 per cent to 61 per cent. Education, annual income, social participation and cosmopoliteness of the share holders were associated with their level of knowledge about agricultural programmes of the factory. The annual income, area under sugarcane, social participation and socio-economic status of the share holders had an association with the programme benefit obtained by them. The majority of share holders participated in the most of the agricultural programmes of the factory. The socio-economic status of majority of share holders was found to be change from low level to medium level. In short the cooperative sugar factory had been able to change the cropping pattern, increase the average sugarcane production, increase the secondary occupation and improve the socio-economic status of share holdersThesisItem Open Access ACCESS AND USE OF ICT TOOLS BY EXTENSION PERSONNEL FOR TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2016) PATIL RITESH LAXMAN; Bhange, S.B.The study was conducted in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra state during 2015-16 on Access and Use of ICT tools by extension personnel for Transfer of Technology. Proportionate random sampling procedure was employed to select 110 extension personnel from Maharashtra State Department of Agriculture. The results revealed that, majority (69.79%) of MSDA extension personnel belonged to middle age group (31-46yrs). About (71.81%) of MSDA extension personnel were B.Sc. (Agril) degree holders. More than half (52.72%) of MSDA extension personnel had medium level of experience in their service. More than half (63.63%) of MSDA extension personnel were using medium source of information. More than one forth (26%) of MSDA extension personnel received training on ICT tools for (1 - 3 days) duration respectively. About cent per cent of MSDA extension personnel had accessibility to television, mobile. It was found that, (63.63%) of MSDA extension personnel had medium level of knowledge about ICT tools. Regarding individual ICT tools, Cent per cent of MSDA extension personnel had knowledge about television, radio and equal per cent for mobile and internet (99.09%). Further, more than half (60%) of the MSDA extension personnel had medium utilization of ICT tools. For the purpose of "gaining the knowledge or for getting the information" MSDA extension personnel used internet (100%). For "transfer of technology" MSDA extension personnel used internet (90%). For "training and teaching" MSDA extension personnel used internet (71.82%). For "making/sending reports" MSDA extension personnel used computer (88.2%), e-mail (55%). For "sharing information with concerned organization including input agencies" MSDA extension personnel used computer (52.00%). For "communication with other organization" MSDA extension personnel used mobile (100%). The general problems faced by the MSDA extension personnel were 'internet connection is poor/slow' (59.09%), 'lack of proper training facility' (38.18%), lack of knowledge (30.90%), insufficient power supply' (30.00%). Physiological Problems faced by extension personnel were; 'eye pain' (36.36%), 'hand pain' (34.55%). Economical Problems faced by extension personnel like 'low income' (79.09%), 'high cost' (70.00%). Technological Problems faced by extension personnel like insufficient information to use (69.09%) and age factor (36.36%).ThesisItem Open Access Accumulation of Salts in Soil Column As affected By Rates of Biomethananted Spent Wash(MPKV, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, 2015) Bhandwalkar, Shamal. Ramesh.; Patil, G. D.ThesisItem Open Access “ACCUMULATORY EFFECT OF POST BIOMETHANATED SPENTWASH ON CARBON FRACTIONATIONS, YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOYBEAN-WHEAT CROPPING SEQUENCE ON INCEPTISOL’’(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 2015) Patil Santosh D.; Durgude, A.G.The post biomethanated spentwash, a distillery effluent is effective liquid organic manure and used as a chief source of plant nutrients. To study the possibility of maximum utilization of PBSW, by its continuous application either directly to soil or through irrigation for substitution of N doses of soybean-wheat crop sequence, the Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, was implementing the network project on biomethanated spentwash at MPKV, Rahuri, which was stared during the year 2006-07. The aim of the present investigation was to study the accumulatory effect of application of different levels (25, 50 and 100 %) of PBSW to supply (25, 50 and 100 %) N on carbon fractionations, yield and quality of soybean-wheat cropping sequence on Inceptisols. The field experiment was conducted during 2011-12 at Post Graduate Research Farm, MPKV, Rahuri in Kharif and Rabi season so as to study the accumulatory effect of PBSW application on carbon fractionations, yield and quality of soybean and wheat crop. The experimental soil was slightly alkaline, calcareous, clayey, low in available nitrogen and phosphorus and very high in available potassium and belongs to Pather soil series of Isohyperthermic family of Vertic Haplustepts. This was the fifth cycle (2007-08 to 2011-12) of sequence crop undertaken for studying the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil as influenced by continuous application of post biomethanated spentwash, while the study of carbon fractionations included during 2011-12. The two separate field experiments were conducted for application of PBSW viz., one time application of PBSW before sowing and application of PBSW through irrigation, which was laid out in a RBD with four replications and five treatments. The five treatments comprised RD-NPK, 100 % RD-N through PBSW without P chemical fertilizer, 100 % RD-N through PBSW + remaining P through chemical fertilizer, 50 % RD-N through PBSW + remaining N and P through chemical fertilizer and 25 % RD-N through PBSW + remaining N and P through chemical fertilizer. The PBSW was applied before one month of sowing of soybean & wheat crop in experiment of one time application method, whereas, in another experiment in which PBSW was applied through irrigation at 2nd and 3rd irrigations for soybean at 3rd, 4th and 5th irrigations for wheat.ThesisItem Open Access ACREAGE RESPONSE AND PRICE BEHAVIOUR OF PIGEONPEA IN MAHARASHTRA(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidaypeeth, Rahuri, 2018) Shendage.P.N.; Yadav.D.B.Pulses are an integral part of many diets across the globe and they have great potential to improve human health, conserve our soils, protect the environment and contribute to global food security. The United Nations, declared 2016 as “International Year of Pulses” (IYP) to heighten public awareness of the nutritional benefits of pulses as part of sustainable food production aimed at food security and nutrition. In the world, pulses are grown by 171 countries. Pulses have been observed to be low performing crops in India during past decades despite a rising demand and increasing prices. Thus, the study entitled “Acreage response and price behavior of pigeonpea in Maharashtra” has been undertaken with specific objectives as to estimate the districtwise growth rates in area, production and productivity; to study the acreage response; examine the behaviour of arrivals and prices with existence of volatility in prices in major markets; extent and pattern of market integration and finally to estimate the projections of area, production and productivity of pigeonpea. The state is divided into four major regions viz., Western Maharashtra, Konkan, Marathwada and Vidarbha were selected purposively. To facilitate proper understanding of percentage increase in area, production and productivity of pigeonpea and acreage response of pigeonpea in the State, the period of 46 years from 1970 – 71 to 2015–16 is divided into two sub periods and one entire period, Period – I (Pre-TMOP): 1970-71 to 1990-91, Period – II (Post-TMOP) : 1991-92 to 2015-16 and Period – III (Entire period) : 1970-71 to 2015-16. For studying the seasonality in arrivals and prices of pigeonpea, monthly and yearly secondary data on arrivals and prices of pigeonpea were collected from the purposively selected nine markets on the basis of maximum arrivals as Akkalkot, Barshi and Solapur from Western Maharashtra, Latur, Jalna and Udgir from Marathwada and Hinganghat, Amravati and Khamgaon APMCs from Vidarbha region for the period of last 15 years i.e. w.e.f. 2002-2016. Compound growth rates of area, production and productivity of pigeonpea were estimated. While, with the help of Nerlove Adjustment Lag Model, the acreageresponse were accessed. The competing crops were identified according to the correlation analysis as paddy, kh. maize and soybean in Western Maharashtra; paddy, black gram and kh. groundnut in Marathwada, pearl millet, green gram, and black gram in Vidarbha and green gram, soybean and kh. groundnut for the State as a whole. Seasonal indices of arrivals and prices were estimated by ratio to moving average method and both inter and intra year variability (C.V.) in arrivals and prices were studied. To ascertain the response of prices to a given change in arrivals and previous months price, a simple linear regression equation i.e. price function was used. Linear trend, Seasonal and Cyclical movements along with irregular variations were estimated. The market integration was tested by using Augmented Dickey Fuller test (ADF), Johanson’s Co-integration test, Error Correction Model (ECM) and ARCHGARCH analysis. A very distinguished picture of changes in area, production and productivity of pigeonpea could be seen for entire Maharashtra State. During period I, the area, production and productivity has increased significantly by 2.43, 3.96 and 1.50 per cent, respectively. The same scenario could be observed during the entire period with the magnitudes of 1.90, 2.59 and 0.67 per cent in area, production and productivity, respectively. On the contrary, the positive and significant growth of 0.79 per cent in area coupled with positive but non-significant growth of 1.29 and 0.50 per cent in production and productivity respectively was seen during period II. Thus, for the entire state, the increase in the production of pigeonpea was the combined effect of area expansion and productivity enhancements. The improvements in productivity of pigeonpea have increased the production to a better extent rather than the area expansion in Konkan, Western Maharashtra and Marathwada regions. On the contrary, the area expansion has significantly increased the production of pigeonpea in Vidarbha region than that of productivity improvement. In Western Maharashtra, during period I, the lagged productivity of pigeonpea (1.63%) had positive and significant influence over the current acreage of pigeonpea. During the post Technology Mission on Pulses in period II (1991-92 to 2015- 16), the lagged prices had positively decided the current acreage allocation to the extent of 1.19 per cent. In the entire period i.e. from 1970-71 to 2015-16, the current acreage under pigeonpea was mainly affected by lagged prices and area under pigeonpea itself to the extent of 0.65 and 0.35 per cent, respectively. Among the competing crops, the significant negative influence of current area under paddy and kharif maize was observed in current area allocation of pigeonpea. The lagged prices (0.83%) and area (0.98%) of pigeonpea, current area of black gram (0.49%) and lagged price of kharif groundnut (1.05%) showed positive and significant effect over the acreage allocation for pigeonpea during the entire period of 46 years i.e. from 1970-71 to 2015-16. It indicates that kharif groundnut and pigeonpea were having competitive behavior for acreage allocation as per farmers decision in Marathwada region. Pigeonpea being a traditional crop of Vidarbha region and itsimportance in cotton-pigeonpea intercropping in the region, a very few of the selected variables had any significant influence on allocation of area for pigeonpea, as the farmers were obliged to cultivate pigeonpea against any of the parameters of decision making. In the entire study period, the lagged area under pigeonpea and lagged prices of soybean affected the current area allocation with a magnitude of 0.37 and 0.92 per cent, respectively. While, lagged groundnut prices and lagged green gram productivity had lowered down the area under pigeonpea by 0.85 and 2.13 per cent, respectively for the entire Maharashtra State. The negative and significant relationship among arrivals and prices was noticed in Barshi (0.44) and Solapur (0.80) markets from Western Maharashtra; Latur (0.69) and Udgir (0.65) markets from Marathwada and Hinganghat (0.70) and Khamgaon (0.61) from Vidarbha region. On the other hand the relationship between monthly arrivals and prices were negative but non-significant in Akkalkot (0.11) and Amravati (0.02) markets from Western Maharashtra and Vidarbha region, respectively. The negative coefficient or inverse relationship implies that with increase in the quantity of arrivals of pigeonpea in the markets, the prices were declining and vice-versa. The price function analysis revealed that, the two explanatory variables jointly explained 84 (Amravati) to 92 (Jalna) per cent variation in prices of pigeonpea among the selected markets. The regression coefficient of arrivals was negatively significant in Akkalkot, Barshi, Hinganghat and Khamgaon markets and it was negative but non-significant in remaining markets. It clearly indicated that as arrivals in any market under study increases, the prices declined. The lagged month prices of pigeonpea were positive but non-significant in all the markets, indicating positive impact of lagged month prices on current month’s prices of pigeonpea. The total variation in arrivals and prices of pigeonpea was 46.58 and 74.35 per cent in Akkalkot market, 90.09 and 57.47 per cent in Barshi market and 60.34 and 59.02 per cent in Solapur market, respectively. In Latur market, the magnitude of arrivals were changed between 40.45 (June) to 107.39 (November) per cent, while variation in prices were 55.28 (July) to 60.97 (May) per cent. In Jalna market, the variation in arrivals of pigeonpea ranged between 42.26 (January) to 160.45 (September) per cent and variation in prices increased from 54.14 (February) to 64.45 (November) per cent. In case of Udgir market, the variation in arrivals and prices of pigeonpea ranged between 52.57 (February) to 99.86 (September) per cent and 57.29 (February) to 61.85 (January) per cent, respectively. The maximum variation in arrivals of pigeonpea was observed during November in Hinganghat (161.25 %) and Amravati (154.51 %) markets, while during December in Khamgaon (139.55 %) market. The maximum variation of 260.36 per cent was observed in Akkalkot market during 2016. The variation in prices was ranged between 3.81 to 34.61 per cent in Akkalkot market. In case of Barshi market, the coefficient of variations in arrivals and prices were ranged between 90.76 to 239.21 per cent and 4.86 to 19.42 per cent, respectively.The variation in per quintal average prices of pigeonpea has increased from 5.01 to 21.48 per cent during the period under study in Latur market. The maximum variation in arrivals of pigeonpea was observed in Jalna and Udgir markets to the tune of 211.33 and 177.20 per cent, respectively. On the other hand, the per quintal prices varied by 26.16 and 27.59 per cent, respectively in Latur and Udgir markets. The variation range of average arrivals was 66.46 to 164.06 per cent in Hinganghat market. While the per quintal prices of pigeonpea varied between 1.03 to 20.59 per cent. Similarly, the maximum variation in arrivals was to the tune of 323.03 per cent during the year 2015 in Amravati market were noticed. The maximum and minimum price variation of 22.12 (2009) and 5.42 (2006) per cent, was seen in Amravati market. In the case of Khamgaon market, average annual arrivals of pigeonpea varied between 50.85 to 155.22 per cent, on the other hand, the variation in prices was observed to be moving between 4.53 to 22.77 per cent. Heavy fluctuations in the indices of arrivals and prices with no definite pattern were observed among the selected markets for the study period. The average and estimated prices of pigeonpea revealed that, for all the regions and all the markets under study, the average prices of pigeonpea were above the estimated prices during the initial years i.e. 2002 and 2003 and during 2009. Also, the average prices were more than estimated prices during 2015 and 2016, the terminal years of study. The exceptions to this situation was noticed in Vidarbha region, as the average prices of pigeonpea were higher than the estimated prices of pigeonpea successively for three year as 2002, 2003 and 2004 in Hinganghat market. Similarly, in Amravati market the average prices were higher during 2002 to 2005 than the estimated prices. The cyclical variations analysis stated that there was no cycle in any selected markets of all regions. The critical value (-4.01044) obtained through Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test is greater than all the ADF values of first difference in all the selected markets stating that, there existed unit root in these markets. Which implies that, the data series in these markets becomes stationary after first difference except Barshi market which recorded lower ADF value than that of critical value at 1 per cent level. The Johansen's multiple co-integration test shows that, as per the trace statistics values in Western Maharashtra, Marathwada and Vidarbha region were greater than their critical values at 5 per cent level, the two co-integration equations in selected markets in each of western Maharashtra (Akkalkot, Barshi and Solapur) and Marathwada (Latur, Jalna and Udgir) region and one co-integration equation in Vidarbha (Hinganghat, Amravati and Khamgaon) region were observed. The Granger Causality Test (Granger, 1969) analysis indicated that, the unidirectional price influence was observed in Akkalkot- Amravati, Latur- Akkalkot, Udgir- Akkalkot, Hinganghat-Amravati, Amravati- Jalna, Khamgaon- Amravati, Solapur- Barshi, Udgir- Barshi, Hinganghat- Jalna, Hinganghat- Latur, Hinganghat- Udgir, Khamgaon- Jalna, Udgir- Jalna, Latur- Khamgaon and Latur- Solapur markets. Whereas, bidirectional price influence was noticed in Barshi- Akkalkot, Hinganghat-Akkalkot, Jalna- Akkalkot, Khamgaon- Akkalkot, Solapur- Akkalkot, Barshi- Amravati, Solapur- Amravati, Hinganghat- Barshi, Jalna- Barshi, Khamgaon- Barshi, Latur- Barshi, Khamgaon- Hinganghat, Solapur- Hinganghat, Latur- Jalna, Solapur- Jalna, Solapur- Khamgaon, Udgir- Latur and Udgir- Solapur markets. However, in Latur- Amravati, Udgir- Amravati and Udgir- Khamgaon markets none price influence was depicted. To detect the volatility in the prices of pigeonpea in selected markets the ARCH-GARCH analysis was carried out and it was observed that the sum of Alpha and Beta is nearer to 1 which indicated that the volatility shocks in the prices of pigeonpea are quite persistent in these markets. The results of Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) stated that, in Western Maharashtra Akkalkot and Solapur markets, in Marathwada region, Jalna and Udgir markets and in Khamgaon market of Vidarbha region attains short run equilibrium rapidly. The area of pigeonpea in Maharashtra State will increase to 16163.76 hundred hectares (2030-31) due to 1.90 per cent increase in area per annum, while during the same period the production will increase to 8251.76 lakh tones at constant productivity. On the contrary, with the increasing productivity of 0.67 per cent per annum, the productivity will reach to 568.07 kg/ha which will increase the production upto 9182.22 lakh tones in 2030-31. The growth rate of urban population under Situation I (Increase @ 0.04 %/ annum) and Situation II (Increase @ 0.05 %/ annum) will increase by 3.76 and 3.95 per cent, respectively in 2030-31. The urban population in 2030-31 will reach up to 11.61 and 11.82 crores under Situation I and Situation II, respectively. The per capita requirement of pigeonpea will be 31.52, 31.25, 31.02 and 30.80 gms, respectively during 2013-15, 2020-21, 2025-26 and 2030-31. Thus the total demand for pigeonpea will be 13.80, 15.68, 17.54 and 19.76 lakh tones, respectively during the years mentioned above under Situation I, while the demand will be 13.80, 15.69, 17.58 and 19.87 lakh tones under Situation II, respectively. Additional area of 2264.94 thousand hectares will be required during 2030-31 at constant productivity and 1871.64 thousand hectares at increasing productivity will compensate the requirement of pigeonpea as per nutritional requirements of growing population.ThesisItem Open Access ACREAGE RESPONSE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS IN AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 1995) Bibave, Girish Ashok; Sale, D.L.The present investigation was undertaken to study growth rates in area, production and productivity of important crops viz.. bajra, rabi jowar, wheat, tur, gram, sugarcane, safflower, kharif groundnut, summer groundnut for the period from 1960-61 to 1990-91. The study also focussed attention on acreage response of these crops with price and non-price variables. The short-run and long-run price elasticities of acreages were also estimated in the same study. the time series data relating to the aspects of study were collected for the above period from the published literature as well as from other relevant sources. The data were analysed by fitting linear and exponential functions to estimate the growth rates. The acreage response was analysed by using linear multiple regressions based on the Nerlovian partial adjustment models. The analysis revealed that the linear and compound growth rates in area, production and productivity of wheat, gram, sugarcane, safflower, bajra and summer groundnut were found to be positive and the growth rates of rab3 jowar, kharif groundnut and tur were found to be negative. Tnus, the crops viz., wheat, gram, sugarcane, safflower, bajra and summer groundnut showed better performance during the entire period under consideration. The performance of rabi jowar. kharif groundnut and tur was very poor in terms of growth rates of area, production and productivity during the period. However, the magnitudes and levels of significance varied in respect of various crops during two sub-periods. The farmers' response to price changes was significantly positive in Ahmednagar district in respect of bajra and gram crops. It was observed to be significantly negative in the case of rabi jowar and tur. While, the response was positive but non-sigmficant in respect of wheat, safflower and summer groundnut and negatively and non significant in the case of sugarcane and kharif groundnut. The lagged acreages of the respective crops played very important role in determining the expansion of acreages of all the selected nine crops during the entire period of 31 years, though the dismal picture was depicted in few crops during sub-periods. This indicated that farmers from Ahmednagar district are tradition ridden in adopting crop pattern The lagged yields showed positive impact on variation in area under wheat, tur. sugarcane, kharif groundnut and summer groundnut, while in other crops viz., bajra, rabi jowar and gram the lagged yield had negative influence on the area under these crops. The rainfall during pre-sowing/planting period had positive though non significant impact on acreage allocation of these crops with exception of sugarcane crop. The variables viz., area under competing crops, relative prices and relative yields did not play an important role in acreage allocation of the selected crops in the district. The short-run and long-run elasticities of acreages in the case of gram indicated that the supply was elastic during long-run, while the unelastic supply was observed in almost all the selected crops. Both the short-run and long-run elasticities of acreages were found to be positive in respect of bajra, wheat, gram, safflower and summer groundnut and negative in respect of rabi jowar, sugarcane, tur and kharif groundnut. The analysis brought out many policy implications. The efforts needs to be made to reverse the declining trends in area, production and productivity of important crops by adopting modern technology, evolving high yielding varieties and providing protective irrigation. Suitable remedial measures are required to be adopted to give momentum to the declining productivity of sugarcane. The price incentive is important and hence a positive price policy is called for in order to increa^ the area or to bring improvements in productivity or both This study thus suggests the need for education ar-d training of farmers in respect of high tech in agriculture, crop protection measures, soil and water conservation, post harv-sjt technology, crop insurance schemes, marketing and allied activities which will help m bringing about the desired changes in the cropping pattern.ThesisItem Open Access ACREAGE RESPONSE OF PRINCIPAL CROPS IN MAHARASHTRA STATE(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 1987) Sale, D.L.; Dhongade, M. PThe present investigation was undertaken with a view to examine empirically the trends in area, produc tion and productivity of important crops viz; kharif jowar, rabi jowar, sugarcane and groundnut with the inter district and inter-regional comparisons for the period from 1959-60 to 1982-83. The study also focussed attention on the supply response of these crops by analysing the acreage and the production response as well as the factors contributing towards the supply behaviour of these crops in the selected districts, regions and the State as a whole during the period under reference. The time-series data relating to the aspects of the study were collected .," for the above period from the published literature as well as from other relevant sources. The data were analysed by fitting linear and exponential functions to study the growth rates. The acreage response was analysed by using linear multiple regressions based on the Nerlovian partial adjustment models and production response by linear multiple regression. The analysis revealed that the linear and compound growth rates in area, production and productivity of kharif jowar and sugarcane were positive and significant at either 5 or 1 per cent level of significance for the selected districts, regions and the State as a whole with a few exceptions. However, there were wide fluctuations in the trends in area, production and productivity during the three sub-periods. The performance of rabi jowar was observed to be unsatisfactory during the period under study. The groundnut crop recorded negative rates of growth in area, production and productivity during the entire period of study with exceptions of positive trends of area in a few districts of Vidarbha region. The negative trend in the production of groundnut was mainly because of the declining area and marginally declining productivity. The variations in acreage of kharif jowar were contributable to two major factors viz; lagged price and lagged acreage of the crop and marginally to pre sowing period rainfall, lagged yield, area under the competing crops and their relative prices. Similar was the situation in case of sugarcane. In groundnut, the negative and significant association between the lagged price and the acreage was observed. This suggests the need for a judicial price policy. The lagged acreage, pre-sowing period rainfall, lagged yield, area under the competing crops and their relative prices were observed to play a vital role in influencing groundnut acreage. Thus, the supply behaviour of these 3 crops was found to be elastic, while that of rabi jowar was inelastic.ThesisItem Open Access Acreage Response of Sugarcane and Variation in Cane Supply to Sugar Factories in Western Maharashtra(MPKV, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, 1978) KSHIRSAGAR SAHEBRAO M; PAWAR. J.R.ThesisItem Open Access ACTIVITY, STABILITY AND CHANGES DURIN G PLAN T OEVELOPNENT I N NITRATE REDUCTASE OF WINGED BEAN [ Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC ] LEAVE S(MPKV, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, 1987) PATIL, SHIVAJI R.; MUNJAL, S. V.ThesisItem Open Access ACTIVITY, STABILITY AND CHANGES DURING PLANT OEVELOPNENT IN NITRATE REDUCTASE OF WINGED BEAN [ Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC] LEAVES(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 1987) Patil Shivaji R.; Munjal, S.V.Winged bean seedlings were grown in soil-filled pots under ftfflfl&~ house conditions of the Department of Agricul tural Chemistry and Soil Science, Flahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri, during the months from April to August 1986^ for standardizing in_ vivo assay conditions for trifoliate leaf NR, Separate experiments were conducted to study the influence of pre-incubation temperature (0°, 15° and 30°C) under dark conditions on iri vivo NR activity and also to monitor the changes in NR activity during plant development. The in, vivo assays for trifoliate leaf NR wee opti mized in respect of n-propanolt Triton-X-100 and substrate concentration. It was noticed that 4 per cent (v/v) n propanol with 0,05 per cent (v/v) Triton-X-100 was found to be optimum for maximum in_ vivo NR activity. The optimum nitrate concentration observed was 100 m*.. A linear rela tionship between NR activity and reaction time was found over a period of 2-hr, When leaf sections (squares) of uppermost just expanded trifollates of winged bean were incubated at 0, 15 and 30°C under dark conditions, the loss of activity was fastest at 30°C and slowest at 0°C. The loss of acti vity was only 15-2 0 per cent at the end of 10 hr incubation at 0°C while the loss was 50 and 80 per cent at 15 and 30°C, '* V~ \ o respectively. The half^(t^) of enzyme at 30 C, was found to be approximately 4 hr while it was 10 hr at 15°C. Nitrate reductase activity profiles within leaf canopy were established upto 45 days of growth period on the 12th,»21st, 30th and 45th days of growth. From studies with changes in NR activity during plant development, it was noticed that the fully expanded uppermost leaves had the higher nitrate reductase activity than the middle and lower leaves. The uppermost just expanded leaves also had higher NR activity during early growth stage and the acti vity gradually declined with the advancement of the age of the leaf.ThesisItem Open Access ADAPTABILITY AND PATH ANALYSIS IN AMERICAN COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 1996) Khedkar, A.R.; Yadav, M.D.The present investigation entitled "Adaptability and path analysis in American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)" were conducted to study G x E interaction, nature of stability of different genotypes of cotton and direct and indirect contribution of various components towards yield. The field experiments comprising of sixteen genotypes were conducted in R.B.D. with three replications at Cotton Improvement Project. M.P.K.V., Rahuri during 1995 under three environments (sowing dates) viz., 5th May (E1), 5th June (E2) and 5th July (E3). The observations were recorded on sixteen important yield components and quality characters. G x E interaction was detected for all the sixteen characters studied. Linear component contributed major portion of the total G x E for height of the plant, number of monopodia per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering and boll weight, where as non-linear component was found to be significant for all the characters except number of monopodia per plant. Linear component was also important for the expression of all the characters except number of bolls per plant. Estimates of environmental indices (Ij) indicated 5th June sowing (E2 environment) as the most favourable environment for yield and its components, followed by E^ and E3 environments. Considering the nature of stability, no genotype was observed to be high yielding and stable. Further, RHC-0890 was stable for monopods, sympods, early flowering, and early boll bursting, while RHC-1189 for sympods, early flowering and early boll bursting, lint yield and maturity coefficient and PKV-081 for early flowering, and early boll bursting, ginning percentage and mean fibre length. The genotype CNH-36 had above average stability for sympodia per plant and early flowering, while RHC-1190 for sympodia per plant and boll weight. The genoytpes PH-23, PKV-081. RHC-2688 and CNHPT-203 exhibited above average stability for plant height, monopodia per plant, late flowering and boll weight, respectively. The genotype GB-20 showed below average stability for monopodia per plant, late flowering, boll number per plant and seed cotton yield per plant, while genotype 6 3302 for plant height and monopodia per plant. The genotypes CNH-36, CNHPT-203, NH-262-1 and KOP-498 showed below average stability for monopodia per plant, late flowering, early flowering and boll weight, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access ADAPTABILITY AND PATH ANALYSIS IN BERSEEM (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidaypeeth, Rahuri, 1997) Kusalkar, D.V.; Patil, F.B.Investigations were conducted for critical assessment of adaptability, associations and path effects in berseem. Twenty genotypes including two check varieties (Wardan and Mescavi) were evaluated at Rahuri, Maharashtra in three predictable environments (E^, E2» E3) during Rabi.1994- 95 and three cuts were taken in each environment. Plant height, number of tillers per plant and per meter length, L/S ratio, green and dry fodder yield per plant, crude protein content and green fodder yield per meter distance were studied. Significant G x E interactions were observed for all the characters studied in all the environments. Importance of linear component of G x E interaction was observed in the expression of plant height (in E^, E2 and over all environments), number of tillers per plant (in E^), number of tillers per meter length (in E2» E3 and over all environments), green fodder yield (in E^, E2 and over all environments), dry fodder yield per plant (in all environments) and green fodder yield per meter distance (in Ej, E3 and over all environments). Pooled deviation (nonlinear) effects were highly significant for all the characters except number of tillers per plant in E ^ environment. The genotypes viz., JHB-93-3 (plant height), JHB- 92-2 (number of tillers/plant, crude protein content), JHB- 93-4, HFB-135, Wardan and Mescavi (number of tillers/plant) had wider adability in nine environments (i.e. over all environments). Further, the genotypes viz., JHB-92-2, HFB- 135, Mescavi in all the three predictable environments (E^, E£ and E^)^txe stable for most of the characters including green and dry fodder yield per plant. The genotypes, BL-126 for number of tillers per plant, Mescavi for L/S ratio, BL-122 and JHB-93-2 for green fodder yield per plant in E2 environment, While, the genotype BL-126 for number of tillers per meter distance, JHB-93-4 for green and dry fodder yield per plant and protein content and Wardan for dry fodder yield and crude protein content in E3 environment appeared adapted to rich environment (i.e. with below average stability). Whereas, the genotypes,BL-130 for green forage yield and BL-102 for L/S ratio in E2 and E3 environments, respectively were adaptated to poor environment having above average stability. The correlation studies indicated the importance of all the characters except L/S ratio as they were significantly associated with green fodder yield per meter distance in all the three predictable environments. However, considering direct and indirect effects under various environments, the components such as plant height, crude protein content, number of tillers per plant and green fodder yield per plant appeared most important in the selection criteria aiming at improvement \r\ fodder yield of berseem.ThesisItem Open Access ADAPTABILITY AND PATH ANALYSIS IN FORAGE SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidaypeeth, Rahuri, 1994) Khare, N. R.; Patil, F.B.Investigations were conducted for critical assessment of adaptability, associations and path effects in forage sorghum. Ten genotypes were evaluated at Rahuri in kharif, rabi and summer with their ratoons, during 1993-94. Green and dry forage yield, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, leaf area and L/S ratio and two quality traits viz.,T.S.S. and crude protein content were studied. Significant G x E interaction was observed for all the characters studied for both, main and ratoon crops. Importance of linear component of G x E interaction was observed in the expression of dry matter yield of main crop and green forage yield and T.S.S. in ratoon crop. Pooled deviation (non-linear) effects were highly significant for all the ten characters studied. The kharif season was graded as the most favourable environment for most of characters which was followed by summer and rabi. The genotypes viz., RFSS 56 (plant height and T.S.S.), RFSS 23 (number of leaves), RFS 89-11-1 (number of leaves, stem girth, crude protein content), RFSH 89-1 (early flowering, T.S.S. and crude protein content), RFSH 88-1 (early flowering, number of leaves, stem girth, T.S.S.), RFSH 92-2 (dry matter yield), R.S. 11-4 (early flowering, stem girth, crude protein content), in main crop, while the genotypes/ RFSS 23 (L/S ratio, dry matter yield), RFSS 56 (early flowering, green forage yield, T.S.S.), RFS 88-11-4 (number of leaves, stem girth, L/S ratio,crude protein content), RFSH 89-1 and R.S. 11-4 (plant height, number of leaves, stem girth), RFSH 92-1 (plant height, T.S.S.), RFSH 92-2 (crude protein content), SSG 59-3 (early flowering), in ratoon crop had wider adaptability. The genotypesRFSS 23/_for early flowering and green forage yield in ratoon crop appeared adapted to rich environment, while^genotype RFSS 56 for dry matter yield in main crop and RFSH 88-1 for T.S.S. in ratoon crop were adapted to poor environment. Number of leaves, stem girth with green forage yield and leaf area with both green and dry matter yield had significant positive correlation. The dltf£ct effects of the leaf area, L/S ratio and crude protein content on their correlation with dry matter yield were also positive. Leaf area, crude protein content and green forage yield appeared as the important characters contributing to dry forage yield.ThesisItem Open Access ADAPTABILITY STUDIES IN BAJRA (Pennisetum americanum) x NAPIER (Pennisetum purpureum) HYBRIDS(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 1986) Jadhav, S.D.; Patil , F. B [Gd.]The present investigations were conducted for critical assessment of adaptability of promising Bajra ( P. araericanum) x Napier (P.purpureum) hybrids* Ten genotypes were evaluated for this study at two sites in Rahuri during the kharif, winter and summer seasons of 1984-85, Green forage yield and its seven components viz,, number of tillers, length of tiller, girth of tiller, number of leaves, length of leaves, breadth of leaves and L/S ratio and three quality characters viz,, T.S.S., per cent crude protein and per cent, ash were studied. Significant G x E interaction was observed for all the characters studied at both sites as well as when pooled over six environments. Linear component of G x E interaction played important role in the expression of characters like girth of tiller, number of leaves, breadth of leaves, green forage yield per plant and T.S.S, over six environments. Pooled deviations (non-linear) effects were significant for all characters except per cent crude^protein content at both locations. The kharif season was graded as the most favourable environment which was followed by summer. The genotypes, RBN-4 and RBN-9, with promising performance and adaptability to poor environments for most of the characters and general adaptability to few characters, appeared to be the most promising. None of the genotypes was found stable for all characters. PBN genotypes in general indicated more suitablity to rich environments. Inconsistency in respect of stability of the genotypes over seasons at individual sitesand six environments when pooled, suggested the necessity of sampling maximum number of environments for assessing the adaptability of the genotypes. L.Length of tiller, length of leaves and breadth of leaves had significant positive correlation coefficients with green forage yield. These characters also exhibited positive direct effect and positive indirect effects of number of other yield components through them suggesting their importance while selecting for improvement in green forage yield.1 The genotypes exhibiting particular type of stability for yield were not necessarily observed to exhibit the same type of stability for its correlated characters.ThesisItem Open Access Adaptability Studies In Cotton ( Gossypium Hirsutum L.)(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri., 1985) Shinde, Y.M.; Thombre, M.V [Gd.]Tuenty-four genotypes comprising of 8 parents, 4 F.s, 4 B1s, 4 B„s and 4 F s of Gossypium hirsutum L., uere included for this study at three locations to know adapta bility and gene effects. The analysis of variance for stability 3houed that G x E component uas substantial for plant height, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, seed cotton yield per plant, ginning percentage, lint index, seed index, mean fibre length and micronaire. Linear component shared major portion of total G x E interaction for number of bolls per plant, seed cotton yield per plant, lint index and seed index, whereas non-linear component uas in preponderance in characters like plant height, number of sympodia per plant, seed cotton yield per plant, ginning percentage, lint index, mean fibre length and micronaire. Hybrid AHH-468 uas found to be the most desired because it possessed ^i««^ average stability or general stability. None of the genotypes were found stable for all characters. Heterozygous genotypes were,stable than homozygous ones. Gene effects were not consistent from cross to cross and from location to location. Additivity and dominance played equally important role with interaction effects for inheritance of yield and yield components. Uhen yield components were simple additivity operated whereas epistasis operated in complex components. Boll number and boll weight were negatively associated as usual. Most of the characters were posits tively associated with seed cotton yield uith.feu exceptionsThesisItem Open Access ADAPTABILITY STUDIES IN FORAGE SWEET SORGHUM (Sorghum bricolor L. (Moench)(Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, 1990) Bandgar, V. S.; Patil, F. B.The present Investigations were conducted for critical assessment of adaptability of promising sweet sorghum genotypes. Thirteen genotypes were evaluated for this study at Grass Breeding Scheme, Rahuri, during the/ziiarif, Rabi, Summer and early Kharlf of 1988-89. Genotype x environment interaction was detected for all the eleven characters studied. Linear component shared major poi.uion of total G x E interaction for leaf length, where as, non-linear components were in preponderance in respect of fifty per cent flowering, plant height, number of leaves, leaf breadth, L/S ratio, green forage yield, dry forage yield, incidence of shoot fly, T.s.s. and per cent crude protein. Estimates of environmental indices (lj) suggested that kharif (late) 1988, (Ej), season as favourable for the high incidence of shoot fly and early flowering as compared to other environments. The rabi (E~), environment was favourable for L/S ratio, T.S.S. low incidence of shoot fly and per cent crude protein, while summer (E3) was favourable for days to fifty per cent late flowering and leaf breadth. The early kharif (E..) was. however, favourable environment for number of leaves per plant, plant height, leaf length, green forage and dry forage yield per plant. The genotypes viz, RFSS 7 (leaf length, VS ratio, incidence of shoot fly, T.s.s,), RFSS 20 (days for fifty per cent flowering (late), T,s.s.), RFSS 23 (number of leaves, green and dry forage yield), RFSS 35 (days to fifty per cent flowering, late), RFSS 57 (days to fifty per cent flowering (late), T.S.S.), RFSS 76 (leaf breadth), RFSS 112 (late flowering), RFSS 128 (plant height, leaf length), RFSS 1502 (dry forage yield), RFSS 1966 (leaf length) and RFSS 56 (green forage yield) had general adaptability over seasons. The genotypes viz, RFSS 10 (days to fifty per cent flowering (late), number of leaves, leaf length), RFSS 76 , (days to fifty per cent flowering (late), green and dry forage yield, and crude protein), RFSS 1502 (number of leaves, T,S,S,). RFSS 1966 (1/S ratio, incidence of shoot fly) were suited to favourable season like early kharif. In general, RFSS 112 had above average stability for important forage yield attributes like number of leaves, plant height, I/S ratio and dry forage yield and incidence of shoot fly, RFSS 128 also for days to fifty per cent flowering (late), leaf breadth, incidence of shoot fly, T,s,s, and RFSS 1966 for days to fifty per cent flowering (early), leaf breadth and crude protein content also had sdmilar type of adaptability thus, these genotypes showed their suitability to poor season like late kharif use of the genotypes with either general (wider) or season specific adaptability in the development of new varieties with desired nature of adaptability, is suggested.