Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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Browsing Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi by Subject "Animal Biochemistry"
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ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical Characterization of Different Breeds of pig with Special Reference to Metabolic Profile(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Madhu Kumari; R.L. PrasadThe specific enzyme synthesis and exchange of metabolites differentiate the differential growth and quality of different breeds of pig genetically. The study on these metabolites as well as biochemical polymorphism were undertaken with a view to compare the variation in composition of metabolites as well as breed characteristics of three breeds of pig viz., Desi, T & D (Tamworth X Desi) and Tamworth. The blood samples were collected from experimental animals into three groups: Group I (Desi), Group II ( T & D) and Group III (Tamworth) from saphenous vein. Serum was harvested and stored at 0-4°C until analysed. Among the biochemical constituents total serum proteins were found to have significant (P < 0.01) higher value in Desi followed by Tamworth and T & D. This variation in Desi breed might be due to less water retention in muscle as the amount of water in lean meat is greater than fat meat. The reduced water retention properties were found to lower the yield of meat as in case of Desi as compared to Tamworth and cross bred. Beside this the present finding is suggestive of protein biosynthesis of animal species of individual or species under genetic control. The serum aspartate aminotransferase level did not show significant variations among the three breeds. However, perusal of pattern of serum aspartate aminotransferase (SAST) activity on breed type showed higher activity in Desi followed by T & D and Tamworth, suggesting less flashy muscular structure development in Desi breed of pig which might be due to involvement of gluconeogenesis. This finding of increase aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level also suggested increased AST level in Desi which might be associated with muscular dystrophy which is under genetic control, has also higher level of this enzyme like other species.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical Markers in Equine Infertility(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1989) Lt Col Kamal Krishna Prasad; S. K. Mukherjee1.The present study was conducted on 70 brood mares maintained at Equine Breeding stud, Babugarh, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. Prior to selection and inclusion of mares in the research programme, detailed reproductive history was obtained from the history sheets and breading records maintained at the stud farm. 2. In order to assess the present reproductive status, all the selected mares were rectally palpated and categorized under seven groups. Group I and II comprised of normal fertile mares in follicular and luteal phases respectively. Similarly the mares with history of reproductive problems/infertility subsequent to last foaling were kept under group III (follicular phase) and group IV (Luteal phase). The pregnant mares were categorized under three groups, early pregnancy (upto day 90, group IV)., mid pregnancy (day 91 to day 180, group VI), and late pregnancy (day 181 onwards, group VII). 3. Blood samples from all the selected mares were collected by jugular venipuncture at 0800 hours taking all aseptic precautions. Serum was harvested and stored at 04°c before analysis. The sera samples earmarked for progesterone estimation were stored at -20°c alongwith 0.01% sodium azide. 4. Progesterone was estimated by amplified enzyme immunoassay: technique. Estimation of enzyme (ALP and LDH), macronutrients (Ca, P and Mg) and micronutrient (Cu) were carried out by following standard procedures.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical Role of Plant Proteolytic Enzyme ivrin on Poultry Meat(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Rajni Pushpa Sinku; Dr. R.L. PrasadThe use of plant proteolytic enzyme Ivrin on poultry meat were undertaken with view to study the alternation of physico chemical characteristics and its proteolytic role on tenderness of poultry meat. The Ivrin enzyme isolated from Cucumis pubescens fruits at 60% ethanol gave more proteolytic activity as compared to 40% ethanol. The better proteolytic activity shown by ethanol 60 % and precipitation was superior used during present investigation. Among the physicochemical properties, Ivrin was found to lower the pH of meat. The pattern of pH on muscle type showed high in thigh muscle as compared to breast muscle suggesting variation in the functions, exercise and amount of glycogen content of muscles. The water holding capacity was found to be highest in broiler, followed by desi and culled bird. The Ivrin treatment increased the water holding capacity in breast muscle as compared to high muscle. The relation between pH and water holding capacity indicated decrease in pH and increase in W.H.C. in Ivrin treated thigh or breast muscle. The muscle fibre diameter was found to be higher in case of desi than broiler or culled birds. Among the muscle types thigh muscle was found to have higher M.F.D. than that of breast muscle. The thigh muscle of the desi bird were found to have exceptionally high muscle fibre diameter. The proteolytic enzyme, Ivrin was found to have no influence on muscle fibre diameter.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Endosulfan on Biochemical and Immunological Status of Developing Chick Embryo(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1994) Pushpanjali; A.K. PalA concurrent study on the effect of endosulfan (K isomer) on biochemical and Immuno chemical status of developing chick embryo has provided the following valuable Informations. 1. The possible LD 50 of endosulfan (<<-isoner) deve loping chick embryo was found to be 5.0 µg at 12 day of incubation through CAM route. 2. Lower concentration (2.0 µg) of endosulfan interferes the normal biochemical functions of the developing chick embryo. 3. The immuno-suppressive action of endosulfan in developing chick embryo warns for failure of future vaccination programme in poultry industry. 4. Use of endosulfan as poultry feed preservative should be restricted. 5. ACH/ATPase activity and SRID-Test may be used as indicator for diagnosis of the endosulfan intoxication of the developing chick embryos in hatcheries.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF RICE ESTABLISHMENT AND WEED CONTROL METHODS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF RICE UNDER MEDIUM LAND CONDITION(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2011) HASSAN, DEEBA; Upasani, R.R.University, Ranchi during rainy season of 2009 with objective to find out the effect of establishment and weed control method on weed dynamics, growth, development, productivity and profitability of rice under wet land situation. The experimental soil was acidic with pH 5.68, sandy loam in texture, low in organic carbon (0.37%) and nitrogen (242.23 kg ha-1) and medium in phosphorus (14.43 kg ha-1) and low in potassium (123 kg ha-1). The treatment comprised of 4 methods of rice establishment i.e. transplant, SRI, drum seeded and broadcast in main plot and 4 methods of weed control – application of pyrazosulfuron 0.02kg ha-1 PE + mechanical weeding at 25 DAS/T, weeding by cono weeder at 25 DAS/T, hand weeding at 25& 40 DAS/T, and weedy check in sub plot. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 3 replications. Rice variety “Lalat” was sowed on 10-07-10 under drum seeded, broad cast as well as seedling raising for SRI, and transplant methods of establishment. Transplanted rice registered 100, 43.93 and 44.96% and 100, 68.85 and 48.06% reduced weed population and 100, 41.60 and 11.59% and 100, 31.39 and 25.64% reduced weed dry matter compared to drum seeded and broadcasted rice at 30, 50 and 70 DAS respectively registering maximum weed control efficiency (71.18% at 50 DAS) . Transplant method of rice establishment being at par with SRI method expressed significantly higher total tillers m-2 466,362 and 326 m-2 at 70, 90 and at maturity respectively, higher number of effective tillers m-2 (309), filled grains (68 panicle-1) and 1000 grain weight (28.02g) compared to drum seeded and broadcast methods, thereby recorded maximum grain (3925 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6454 kg ha-1), higher net return (Rs33056 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.73), net energy output by grain (39540 MJ ha-1) and biomass (108114 MJ ha-1), energy use efficiency by grain (4.51 ) and biomass( 10.60 MJ ha-1 ) and reduced specific energy (2863 MJ t-1) and weed index(15.08%). Application of pyrazosulfuron 0.02kg ha-1 PE + mechanical weeding at 25 DAS/T registered 76.48, 82.23 and 51.14% reduced weed population and 61.14, 39.83 and 19.74% reduced weed dry matter at 30, 50 and 70 DAS respectively compared to two hand weeding at 25 and 40 DAS registering maximum weed control efficiency (87.72% at 50 DAS). Application of pyrazosulfuron 0.02kg ha-1 PE + mechanical weeding at 25 DAS being at par with weeding by cono weeder at 25 DAS recorded significantly higher panicle m-2 (293), filled grains (60 Panicle-1 ) and 1000 grain weight (27.14g) compared to hand weeding and weedy check weedy check thereby recorded significantly higher grain (4377 kg ha-1 ) and straw (7279 kg ha-1) yield, net return (Rs 44953 ha- 1). B: C ratio (3.51), net energy output by grain (45968 MJ ha-1) and biomass (123305 MJ ha-1), energy use efficiency by grain (5.32) and biomass (12.57MJ ha-1) and minimum specific energy (2433 MJ t-1). Transplant method of establishment along with application of pyrazosulfuron 0.20kg ha-1 + one mechanical weeding at 25 DAS/T being similar to SRI, drum seeded and broadcast methods supplemented with same weed control, registered significantly higher grain (4626 kg ha-1) and net return (Rs44579 ha-1) as compared to combination of drum seeded and broadcasted rice along with weeding by cono weeder or two hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAS. Microbial population in soil was not affected by establishment and weed control methods, however, an increase in organic carbon from 0.37% to 0.77% was noticed under drum seeded and broadcasted rice. Thus it can be concluded that among establishment and weed control methods transplant and application of pyrazosulfuron 0.20kg ha-1 + one mechanical weeding at 25 DAS/T were most productive and profitable. Application of pyrazosulfuron 0.20kg ha-1 + one mechanical weeding at 25 DAS/ T in transplanted or drum seeded or broadcasted rice was most effective in suppressing weed population and weed dry matter accumulation thereby producing higher rice grain yield and net return compared to weed control performed by cono weeder at 25 & 40 DAS/T and hand weeding at 25 & 40 DAS/T.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Biochemical And Enzymic Properties of Skeletal Muscle Myosin of Goats ( carpa Hircus)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1994) Surendra Kumar; Dr. R.L. prasadThe isolation and characterization of proteins of goat skeletal muscle were undertaken with a view to their molecular profile in regulation of muscle contraction through ATPase activity and losses due to proteolysis by artificial tenderizer of meat. The goat skeletal muscle myosin was isolated in pure form using different ionic strength, dissociation buffer and ammonium sulphate precipitation. The myosin contained myosin heavy chain (HC) and myosin light chain-1 (LC), myosin light chain-2 (LC) and myosin light chain-3 (LC) with 2 their molecular weights of 192.5, 23, 17.5 and 13.5 kDa respectively. The resolution of sarcoplasmic proteins into subunit components on SDS-PAGE showed the presence of enzymes and metallo proteins. The high molecular weight of unidentified proteins was present in band no.1-4. The molecular weight of 91 kDa appeared in band no.5 which was identified as phosphorylase B. The band no.6 was identified as phosphorylase B kinase with molecular weight of 77 kDa. Band no.7 was represented by AMP deaminase, phosphoglucose isomerase and pyruvate kinase with molecular weight of 62 kDa. Phosphoglycerate kinase and enclose appeared in band no.8 with molecular weight of 43 kDa. Band no.9 consisted of creatine phosphokinase, aldolase and lactic dehydrogenase having molecular weight of 34 kDa. Band no. 10 was identified as triose phosphate isomerase and phosphoglycerate mutase with molecular weight of 26 kDa.