University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad

The University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad was established on October 1, 1986. The University has 5 Colleges, 27 Research Stations, 6 Agriculture Extension Education Centers, 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras and ATIC. The University has its jurisdiction over 7 districts namely Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttar Kannada in northern Karnataka. Greater diversity exists in soil types, climate, topography cropping and farming situations. The jurisdiction includes dry-farming to heavy rainfall and irrigated area. Important crops of the region include sorghum, cotton, rice, pulses, chilli, sugarcane, groundnut, sunflower, wheat, safflower etc. The region is also known for many horticultural crops. Considerable progress has been registered in the field of education, research and extension from this University.

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Browsing University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad by Subject "Agricultural Biochemistry"

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biochemical Investigation of Biotic Stress Response of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) to Powdery Mildew Disease
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-07) Hipparagi, Laxman; Olekar, Nagaratna S.
    Plants respond to various biotic and abiotic stresses through the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The research work aimed to study the defense mechanism of locally grown mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties (Neelum and Totapuri) and hybrids (Neelgoa and Mallika) against mango powdery mildew. This study was attempted to evaluate the role of phytochemicals (total phenol, reducing sugar and antioxidant enzymes) as defence response against powdery mildew infection in mango genotypes. A number of biochemical compounds including sugars, phenolic compounds, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and ascorbate oxidase (AO) have been implicated to play a crucial role in the tolerance/resistance of different mango cultivars to powdery mildew infection. After powdery mildew infection, there was increased antioxidant enzyme activity in all infected leaves compared to healthy leaves. Among all genotypes Mallika showed higher activity for all the enzymes mentioned above except in case of glutathione reductase activity and lower antioxidant activity of all enzymes were observed in Neelum except in case of glutathione reductase where in lower activity was observed in Totapuri. The total phenols were observed more in Neelum compared to other genotypes and lower phenols were observed in Neelgoa. Reducing sugar decreased because of powdery mildew infection and higher sugar content was observed in Neelum where as lower content was recorded in Mallika. As powdery mildew disease infects mainly to leaf portion because of this chlorophyll content was reduced. The higher total chlorophyll content was observed in Mallika and lower content was recorded in Neelum due to disease infection. This study underlines the significance of enzymatic ROS scavenging system in disease resistance/susceptibility.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluating the expression of biochemical metabolites in response to insect damage and mechanical damage followed by insect damage in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) genotypes
    (UASD) Rashmi R.; H.M. Vamadevaiah
    A pot experiment was conducted at ARS Dharwad farm during kharif 2013 to study the effect of insect damage and mechanical damage followed by insect damage on expression of biochemical metabolites namely total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total phenol, condensed tannin, gossypol, available potassium, nitrate reductase, peroxidase and lipoxygenase in Laxmi and Sahana genotypes at 45 DAS, 85 DAS, 125 DAS. The experiment was conducted in factorial CRD with three replications. Significant differences were observed with respect to genotypes due to different treatments viz., insect (H. armigera) damage and mechanical damage followed by insect damage at different stages. Significant increase in total sugars, non reducing sugars, total phenol, condensed tannin, gossypol, potassium, nitrate reductase activity, peroxidase activity and lipoxygenase activity in Sahana than Laxmi genotype. Insect survivability was significantly lower in mechanically damaged plants than in undamaged plant in both the genotypes and insect survivability was less in Sahana genotype when compared to Laxmi genotype. This study reports the impact of insect (H. armigera) damage and mechanical damage followed by insect damage on cotton host-plant resistance due to biochemical metabolites. It is proposed that cotton plant damaged by H. armigera exhibit resistance and cotton plant damaged by mechanical means is less preferred for the growth of H. armigera. This is probably due to a reduction in the nutritive quality (Total sugar, Reducing sugar), induction of allelochemicals, such as total phenols, condensed tannin, gossypol and of oxidative enzymes, such as lipoxygenase, peroxidase and nitrate reductase in the damaged plants.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Seed Deterioration and Biochemical Changes Associated with Accelerated Ageing in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-07) Gautam Kumar; Olekar, Nagaratna S.
    Studies to determine the extent of loss in seed viability in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under accelerated ageing condition, and to identify important deteriorative processes that induce cellular debility within kernels and pods were carried at the Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2016-17. Two genotypes of groundnut viz., GPBD-5 and DH-86 were aged under accelerated ageing chamber (45° C and 90 % RH) up to eight days at two days interval for viability tests and biochemical analysis. The experiment was laid out in two factorial Completely Randomized Design with four replication. The results indicated a significant variations for the seed quality parameters due to accelerated ageing for different intervals. Seed deterioration was evident from losses in seed viability and vigour from (2042 to 584) i.e 71.40 %, electrolyte leakage from (0.25 to 1.56 dS m-1) i.e 16.02 %, loss in lipid content and changes in enzymes activity. An increase in lipase activity from (0.50 to 0.76 µ eq of free fatty acid released/ min) i.e 52 % and decrease in β-amylase activity from (1.46 to 0.92 µmol/min/mg of protein) i.e 36.98 % were recorded. Other biochemical changes due to ageing include increase in total soluble sugar (107.35 to 189.20 mg/g) i.e 76.24 % and decline in total soluble protein from (159.50 to 141.50 mg/g) i.e 11.28 %. Among the two genotypes, GPBD-5 was superior over DH-86 in all the seed quality parameters and biochemical analysis due to ageing. Physiological and biochemical changes due to accelerated ageing were similar to those which can observed during natural ageing. This study can be useful for comparison and selection of genotypes for better resistance to ageing and gives a clear picture of the effect of accelerated ageing on the mode of deterioration in the seeds of groundnut genotypes when stored in pod and kernel form.