Browsing by Author "Vemu, Bhaskar"
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ArticleItem Open Access Anti-inflammatory Activity of Emu Oil in Indomethacin Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Rats(Council of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015-07) Vemu, Bhaskar; Selvasubramanaian, S.; Pandiyan, V.; TANUVASInflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition affecting human and animal species. The present study was taken up with the objective to test an animal product, emu oil against inflammatory bowel disease and to evaluate its activity in comparison to aloe vera (plant product) alone and in combination with emu oil. Experiment was performed in six groups containing 6 rats each. Rats were pre-treated for five consecutive days with sulfasalazine [100 mg/kg], aloe vera [400 mg/kg], emu oil [10 ml/kg] and the combination of aloe vera and emu oil to groups III, IV, V and VI respectively. The condition was induced using two consecutive subcutaneous injection of indomethacin [10 mg/kg] on day 4 and 5 in all groups except group I (control). Rats were sacrificed on day 8 and samples were collected for further analysis. Macroscopic lesions include ulceration [pin point to linear], perforation and necrotic epithelium in caecum. Microscopically, there was ulceration [loss of epithelium] and increased cellular infiltration. Emu oil was analysed through Gas chromatography– Mass spectrometry for fatty acid profiling and was found to contain mixture of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. This was evident through the analysis of inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters of group V when compared to groups III and IV. However, the combination of aloe vera and emu oil showed better activity than all other groups. Hence it was concluded that emu oil might be attempted to treat the inflammatory conditions of gastro-intestinal tract as a part of alternative medicine.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of flubendiamide toxicity through one generation extended reproductive study in rats(GADVASU, Ludhiana, 2016-03-01) Vemu, Bhaskar; Dumka, Vinod KumarThe present study was planned to investigate the effect of flubendiamide on Balb/c fibroblast cell culture and rats of either sex belonging to Sprague dawley stock. Initial testing of flubendiamide in fibroblast culture revealed IC50 of 68.1 µg.ml-1 translating to a theoretical LD50 of 508.08 mg.kg-1 body weight which served as the starting dose for acute toxicity studies. A preliminary trial of 28 days was carried out (at the dose rate of 0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg.kg-1) to arrive at MTD of 250 mg.kg-1 on the basis of body weight reduction compared to control. There was significant alteration in relative organ weight (heart, liver, kidney, testes and uterus with ovary) and biochemical (AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, GGT, glucose and BUN), hematological (TLC, TEC, PCV, MPV and platelet count), antioxidant (CAT, GPx, GST, LPO, GSH, GR and G6PD) and hormonal (T3) parameters. Further testing of parent generation (0, 2, 10, 50 and 250 mg.kg-1) was carried out at derived doses. Significant changes were observed in body weight from 610 weeks in males, relative organ weight (kidney and brain) and biochemical (ALP, direct bilirubin, GGT, cholesterol, creatinine, CK, Na+, total bilirubin, K+ and SGPT), hematological (TEC, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, platelet count and MPV), antioxidant (GSH and G6PD) and hormonal (T3, T4 and insulin) parameters. In addition significant reduction in sperm count and resultant reduced number of pregnancies compared to control was noted. F1 generation rats were divided randomly into two subsets for neuroimmune (PND 63) and reproductive testing (PND 84). In F1 generation rats, no significant changes in body weight were observed. In the neuro-immune subset significant changes in biochemical (BUN, Ca2+, cholesterol, Mg2+, phosphorus, SGOT, CK, GGT, SGPT and Na+) and hematological (TLC and MCHC) parameters were observed. Increase in time spent in locomotion, reduced sleeping time with damage to brain through histopathological examination revealed congestion and necrosis of glial cells and astrocytes. No significant change in HA titre, paw swelling or stimulation indices (LPS and Concanavalin A) was observed but loss of white pulp in spleen could be seen histopathologically. In reproductive subset dosing was continued till sacrifice (PND 84). In reproductive subset significant changes in biochemical (albumin, BUN, Ca2+, creatinine, GGT, glucose, LDH, Mg2+, K+, Na+, SGOT, SGPT, phosphorus, total bilirubin and total protein), hematological (TEC, Hb, PCV, MCHC, MPV and platelet count) and hormonal (T3, T4 and insulin) parameters was observed. Non linear increase in toxicity with increase in dose rate was observed and toxicity varied with sex as well. The present study concludes the pesticide to be toxic to reproductive, immune and nervous system at different dose levels.ThesisItem Open Access Exploration of the Anti Inflammatory Effect of Aloe Vera and Emu Oil in Experimentally Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Rats(TANUVAS, 2012) Vemu, Bhaskar; TANUVAS; Selvasubramanian, S.; Thejomoorthy, P.; Pandiyan, V.