Browsing by Author "SHARMA, RITU"

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Crop establishment Method on growth and yield of soybean in gird zone of MP
    (Rvskvv, Gwalior (M.P), 2015) SHARMA, RITU; HADA, NEERAJ
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    METABOLOMIC ANALYSIS OF BUFFALO FAECES TO IDENTIFY ESTRUS AND EARLY PREGNANCY BIOMARKERS
    (ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL, 2019) SHARMA, RITU; SINGH, DHEER
    Faeces play significant roles in chemical communication in many animal species. Faeces is believed as good non-invasive medium for various diagnostic purposes. In the present study, a comprehensive metabolomics and metagenomic analysis of buffalo faeces during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy was studied. Results showed total three bacterial phyla with six different bacterial order having twenty-four different genera were identified during the estrous cycle. In addition, the Clostridiales were found to be most abundant at estrus while the Bacteroidales were encountered exclusively at estrus. Pathway enrichment analyses showed that steroid biosynthesis and steroidogenesis were most enriched metabolic pathways at estrus. Testosterone propionate, 17-alpha-methyltestosterone, hydrocortisone acetate, cortisone, corticosteroid ester, testosterone cypinate, pregneninolone, aldosterone, carticosteron, glucocortocoids, testosterone enanthate, cholesterol benzoate and cholesterone were most predominant metabolites during estrous cycle with higher abundance intensity at estrus. Based on the above interpretation, it has been postulated that the cycling dairy animals have a close relationship between steroid metabolites and members of order Clostridiales and Bacteroidales. Unfortunately, we did not further validate the individual steroid(s) and/or metabolites in the faeces. Thus, it is difficult to establish a direct link between faecal steroid hormone metabolites and faecal bacteria during the estrous cycle. In addition, 9 metabolites like Pseudoephedrine, 2,5,8,11,14,17- Hexaoxaoctadecane, 1,3-Dioxolane, 2-heptyl-, Silane, (bromomethyl)trimethyl-, Benzaldehyde, 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-, Benzene, 1-bromo-2-fluoro-, Juglone, 4- t-Butyl-O-xylene, and 1-Naphthalenamine, N-phenyl- were identified exclusively at estrus only. However, the direct role of these metabolites in estrus in not yet known. Total five bacterial phyla with nine different bacterial order having thirtyeight different genera were identified during early pregnancy in buffalos. The phylum Firmicutes were found to be common and most abundant in both pregnant and non-pregnant animals. The proportion of order Clostridiales was found to be higher in pregnant animals than the non-pregnant, while the order Acholeplasmatales, Erysipelotrichales and Rhizobiales was exclusively present in pregnant animal. Interestingly, the free fatty acids were found to be high in pregnant animal in compare to non-pregnant. Metabolomic data also showed that the fatty acid biosynthesis and glycerosphingolipid biosynthesis pathways were highly enriched in pregnant animals. Hexadecanoic acid, Dodecanoic acid, Tetradecanoic acid, undecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid and tridecanoic acid were highly abundant in pregnant buffaloes. These differentially abundant free fatty acids could be the potential biomarker for early pregnancy. In conclusion, the results of present study demonstrated that shift in faecal metabolome and bacterial profile during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy showed a strong relationship amongst the gut microbiome, faecal metabolome and animal reproductive physiology.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SELECTING WALNUTS FROM SEEDLING TREE POPULATIONS IN SOME VILLAGES OF DISTRICT SIRMOUR (HP)
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE DR. YASHWANT SINGH PARMAR UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, 2002) SHARMA, RITU; KUMAR, KRISHAN
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    ThesisItemOpen Access