Browsing by Author "KUMARI, MANISHA"

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Drought under Restricted Irrigation Condition in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes and their molecular characterization
    (RPCAU, Pusa, 2023) KUMARI, MANISHA; Singh, Satish Kumar
    A study was conducted at the wheat breeding farm, RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, in rabi season of 2022-23. The objective was to evaluate different bread wheat lines for their response to drought stress under restricted irrigation condition. The research encompassed a range of analyses including variation assessment, genetic advancement, correlations, path analysis, molecular characterisation, and diversity evaluation. In both environments i.e., optimum or normal and stress conditions, 30 distinct genotypes were investigated. Randomized Block Design with 3 replications was used for both conditions to evaluate better performing genotypes under respective environmental conditions. The analysis of variance for both (optimum and restricted irrigation) conditions revealed significant variations among all the studied lines of wheat genotypes. The traits such as root mass/ unit soil weight (RM), no. of grains per spike (NGPS), leaf thickness (LT) and 1000 grain weight (TGW) has high heritability and genetic advance in both conditions. Whereas, grain yield per plant (GY) has high heritability as well as genetic advance only under restricted irrigation condition. Grain yield per plant (GY) was observed significantly and positively correlated with no. of effective tillers / plant (NTPP), no. of grains per spike (NGPS), soil moisture (SM), spike neck diameter (ND), canopy cover (CC), relative water content (RWC), root mass per unit soil weight (RM), leaf thickness (LT) and 1000 grain weight (TGW) in both i.e., optimum and restricted irrigation conditions. Whereas, it was negatively correlated with plant height (PH), days to 50 % flowering (DF), days to maturity (DM), canopy temperature (CT) and soil temperature (ST) under both scenarios. GY was non- significantly negatively correlated with days to 50 % flowering in both conditions. Canopy temperature and soil temperature has negative correlation with no. of grains /spike. However, soil temperature is positively correlated with drought susceptible index (DSI). These results showed that CT, ST and DSI is related to yield lose under restricted irrigation scenario. The traits like no. of effective tillers per plant, no. of grains per spike, relative water content and thousand grain weight are of prime importance in the selection process of grain yield improvement programme, as they show significant and positive association with yield per plant. Under restricted irrigated condition, no. of effective tillers per plant, no. of grains per spike and relative water content has positive and direct effect on grain yield. Although, other characters also contributed to yield indirectly via these traits. All 30 bread wheat lines were classified into 5 and 4 clusters in optimum and restricted irrigation conditions respectively. In case of non-stressed condition, highest inter cluster distance was found between cluster I and cluster III, while lowest inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster III and cluster V. Under restricted irrigation condition, highest inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster I and cluster II, while lowest inter cluster distance was found between cluster I and cluster IV. Genotypes NEST 18-25, 8th HPYT 454, 12th HPYT 554 and TAW-123 can be selected as a suitable donor parent for traits such as no. of effective tillers per plant, no. of grains per spike, leaf thickness and 1000 grain weight under optimum irrigation condition. Whereas, genotypes like NEST 18-25, 12th HPYT 600, NEST 19-25 and 38 SAWSN 3231 can be selected as a suitable donor parent for traits like no. of effective tillers per plant, no. of grains per spike, root mass per unit soil weight, leaf thickness, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant under restricted irrigated condition. A set of 21character specific SSR markers were used for diversity analysis at molecular levels in the subjected wheat genotypes. These markers have clear, sharp and scorable bands for all the used wheat genotypes. Based on dendrogram analysis all the 30 genotypes were classified into 6 clusters among which cluster II contained maximum no. of genotypes whereas, cluster VI recorded as mono-genotypic cluster as it has only one genotype. High similarity coefficient was found between 12th HPYT 489 and 42 ESWYT 3108 followed by 11th HPYT 405 and 8th HPYT 454.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENOME WIDE CHARACTERIZATION AND EXPRESSION PROFILING OF AP2/EREBP TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR TO ABIOTIC STRESS IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) KUMARI, MANISHA; Singh, Ashutosh
    The transcription factors APETALA2/ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN (AP2/EREBP) are one of the largest and most conserved gene families in plants, and they play critical roles in abiotic stress response. However, very limited information available about the AP2/EREBP family genes in maize. In this context, a genome-wide survey was done to identify the AP2/EREBP genes in maize (Zea mays L.), and total 54 AP2/EREBP family of genes were identified. The distribution of these 54 genes were irregular on the 10 chromosomes of maize. The phylogenetic analysis conducted for these 54 genes of AP2/EREBP TFs and it divided into ten groups, namely groups I to X. To study the role of AP2/EREBP group of genes in drought and salt stress at seedling stage of maize. The two contrasting inbred lines (BTM-6 and BTM-14) were chosen for gene expression study. The inbreds were grown in pot. The fourteen days old seedlings were exposed to 20 % PEG (3h and 6h) and 200Mm NaCl (3h and 6h) for drought and salt treatments respectively. The mRNA of each treatment of 14 days old seedlings extracted in two replication and cDNA synthesized. The differential expression was performed using qRT-PCR and result clearly revealed that under drought stress GRMZM2G013657_P01, GRMZM2G021573_P01 and GRMZM2G022359_P01 were unregulated after 6 hour of drought treatment in cultivar BTM-14.GRMZM2G028151_P01, GRMZM2G076602_P01 and GRMZM2G086573_P01 were up-regulated after 6 hour salinity treatment in cultivar BTM-6. In case of GRMZM2G073982_P01 under drought treatment up- regulated in both 3 hour and 6 hour in cultivar BTM-14 and under 6 hour salinity treatment in cultivar BTM-6. GRMZM2G076602_P01 was up regulated after 3 j hour and 6 hour of drought treatment. GRMZM2G113078_P01 showed up regulation under drought treatment at 3 hour and 6hour in both cultivar (BTM-6 and BTM-14) and at 3 hour salinity treatment up-regulation was observed and at 6 h down regulation were observed in cultivar BTM-14. The expression study clearly showed the AP2 gene family have role in drought and salinity stress. The two inbreds are contrasting for heat and drought stress, So it respond differently.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Heterosis, Combining Ability, Stability Analysis and Molecular Profiling in Bread Wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell]
    (MPUAT, Udaipur, 2022) KUMARI, MANISHA; Sharma, Hemlata
    The present investigation was undertaken to estimate “Heterosis, Combining Ability, Stability Analysis and Molecular Profiling in Bread Wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell]”. Total 57 genotypes including 45 crosses along with 10 parents and 2 checks viz., Sonalika and HD 2967 were evaluated during Rabi 2020-21 in randomized block design with three replications at three locations. Observations were recorded for fifteen traits viz., dаyѕ to 50% flowerіոg, dаyѕ to 75% mаturіty, plаոt հeіgհt, number of effective tillers per plant, spike length, number of spikelets per plant, length of awns, ոumber of grаіոѕ per ѕpіke, flаg leаf аreа, 1000-grаіո weіgհt, bіologісаl yіeld per plаոt, grаіո yіeld per plаոt, հаrveѕt іոdex, totаl proteіո сoոteոt іո grаіո and totаl сհloropհyll сoոteոt in E1, E2 and E3 environments. The analysis of variance indicated that the effects due to genotypes were significant for all the characters in all the three environments. The effects due to parents were significant in all the three environments except for length of awns in E1 and 1000-grain weight in E3. The effects due to crosses were significant for all the characters. The effects due to parents v/s crosses were also significant for all the traits in all the three environments except days to 75% maturity in E3, plant height in E1 and E3, number of grains per spike in E1 and E3, flag leaf area in E1, E2 and E3, 1000- grain weight in E1, E2 and E3, grain yield per plant in E1 and total protein content in grains in E1. Bartlett’s test revealed homogeneity for eleven traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per plant, length of awns, number of grains per spike, flag leaf area,1000-grain weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and total protein content in grains. Therefore, the pooled analysis was carried out for these eleven characters only. Regarding the per se performance, among parents, three parents viz., HD 3086, Raj 3077 and HI 1544 showed higher grain yield per plant along with other yield contributing traits over the environments. Among the crosses, HD 3086 x WR 544, Raj 4238 x WR 544, Raj 4238 x Raj 3077 and Raj 4238 x Raj 4079 were found superior with respect to grain yield in different environments. Crosses viz., HD 3086 x WR 544, Raj 4238 x WR 544, Raj 4238 x Raj 3077, HD 3086 x Raj 4079 and Raj 4238 x Raj 4079 expressed positive significant SCA effects along with higher per se performance and significant economic heterosis for grain yield per plant. The parent HD 3086 exhibited its suitability under unfavorable environments for most of the traits, while MP 1203 exhibited its suitability under favorable environments for most of the characters. Among crosses, the cross combinations viz., HD 3086 x Raj 4079, MP 3288 x WR 544 and MP 3288 x DBW 187 exhibited their suitability to be grown under unfavorable environments while crosses HD 3086 x Raj 4037, HD 3086 x WR 544, MP 1203 x HI 1544 and Raj 4037 x WR 544 expressed suitability for most of the traits under favorable environmental conditions. Five crosses out of forty five, viz., HD 3086 x WR 544 (17.02 g), Raj 4238 x WR 544 (16.70 g), Raj 4238 x Raj 3077 (16.65 g), HD 3086 x Raj 4079 (16.33 g) and Raj 4238 x Raj 4079 (16.30 g) were most productive in respect to grain yield per plant, as these crosses were much high yielder than the general mean (12.69 g) as well as showed significance of heterosis over standard check (Sonalika). These crosses also expressed significant SCA effects and having combination of parents Good x Average and Good x Good general combining ability effects. Therefore, these crosses can be advanced to get transgressive segregants in further breeding programmes. Further, parents MP 3288, HI 1544, DBW 187 and WR 544 expressed maximum diversity on the basis of SSR analysis, could also be used for hybridization programme in future.