Browsing by Author "Arjun Singh"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    An Economic analysis of garlic production and marketing in Karnal District of Haryana
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Karambir Singh; Arjun Singh
    The study was undertaken in Karnal district of Haryana with the objectives (i) To work out the costs and returns of garlic production (ii) To calculate the marketing costs and margins (iii) To study the fluctuations in the prices of garlic. The total cost of cultivation of garlic was found rupees 39,891 per acre. The returns over variable cost were rupees 36942. The net returns after deducing all costs were observed rupees 22,656. The cost of production per quintal was calculated as Rs. 1,099.5. It was quite a remunerative crop. The producer’s share was revealed 68.41 percent of total consumer’s price. Quite a lot went to intermediaries as margins of rupees 495 (19.64 per cent) excluding costs. The seasonal indices of price and arrivals were calculated using 12 months moving average method. The highest price received was in October whereas lowest price indices was seen in January. The increasing trends in prices and arrivals were observed over 15 year period from 1991 to 2005 year. Exponential function was preferred over linear function for better fit. The garlic crop being remunerative needed promotion by all means.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Seed Size and Weight on Seed Vigour Parameters of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (2023-07-20) Arjun Singh; A L Jatav
    An experiment was conducted to find out “Effect of Seed Size and Weight on Seed Vigour Parameters of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”. Chickpea is a self-pollinating diploid (2n=16) crop which belong to the genus Cicer and family Fabaceae. After beans and peas, chickpeas are the third-most important pulse crop in the world. Among the pulses grown in country, gram occupies a predominant position and is considered as a king of pulses. Seed is one of the most important and cheapest means of input for enhancing the production and sustainability of agriculture. For better response of other inputs like fertilizer, irrigation and plant protection chemicals applied for crop production, we must always use high quality seed. It can increase both credibility and yield of produce by 15-20% in the market. In the channel of seed production, seed processing is an important step where physical quality of seed is concerned. During grading, we are loosing a sizeable quantity of quality seeds by using improper sieve sizes. Researches indicate that if we slightly reduce the sieve aperture size we can have 6-12% more recovery of seeds. The raw seeds passed through different sieves to obtain uniform size processed seed. During seed processing, the recovery of quality seed is highly affected by the aperture size of the sieve. We can obtain 8-10% more recovery of seed without deterioration of quality of seed and subsequent crop yield by reducing the aperture size of conventional sieve. In the present study, three varieties of chickpea viz. KPG-59 (V1), KWR-108 (V2) and KGD-1168 (V3) were selected. The raw seeds of above varieties were graded with three different sieves having round aperture size of 6.80 mm (S1), 6.30 mm (S2) and 5.80 mm (S3). Each grade was assessed for its seed quality parameters in the laboratory. The sieve aperture size determines the seed recovery percentage and quality of seed lot during processing. Results reveal that seed recovery percentage and seed quality parameters were highly influenced by variety, sieve size and their interaction. Most characters of quality seed increased with increasing sieve aperture size, but seed recovery percentage increased with decreasing sieve aperture size. In the present investigation, varieties have showed significant effect with respect to all the parameters studied except seed moisture content. The different sieve sizes have showed significant effect with respect to all the characters studied except seed moisture content. Thus, from the above study, it may be concluded that round sieve size of 6.80 mm can be used for processing of standard sieve size for chickpea variety KPG-59, KWR-108 and KGD-1168 without much loss in seed quality but in our studies, we can suggest to use sieve size 6.30 mm which showed optimum standard quality parameters with higher seed recovery percentage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular and Functional diversity of the bacteria associated with earthworm gut
    (DIVISION OF MICROBIOLOGY ICAR-INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE NEW DELHI -, 2014) Arjun Singh; Lata
    Eisenia foetida and Perionyx excavatus are the most potent vermicomposting earthworms. Due to their immense importance in organic matter recycling these two earthworms were chosen to assess their cultivable and non-cultivable gut bacterial diversity alongwith their functional annotation. A total of 33 bacterial cultures were isolated from earthworms gut, out of which 18 bacterial species were isolated from E. foetida gut and 15 bacterial species were from P. excavatus. In both the earthworm species the major dominating class of the bacteria belonge to firmicutes (50-60%), followed by actinobacteria (26.7-33%), alphaproteobacteria (5.6-6.7%), betaproteobacteria (6.7%) and gammaproteobacteria (11.1%). Functionally many of the bacterial strains were performing degradation of cellulose, xylan, starch and cellobiose, among them Bacillus pumilus IARI-A7 (0.841 IU ml-1 ), Rhodococcus ruber IARI-N5 (0.192 IU ml-1 ), were showing high CMCase activity whereas highest β-glucosidase activity was observed in Isoptericola variabilis IARI-L18 (0.311 IU ml-1 ). The plant growth promoting traits i.e. ammonia production was present in all the gut bacterial strains and highest IAA production was shown by Bacillus endophyticus IARI-J4 (1.069 µg ml-1 ). The uncultivable gut bacterial diversity was assessed by cloning the 16S rDNA gene amplified from the metagenomic DNA of earthworms gut. Most of the sequences were annotated to proteobacteria (38-44%), followed by unclassified bacteria (14-18%), than firmicutes (9.3-11%). The functional annotation of earthworm gut metagenome revealed that the inherent gut microbiome was capable of degrading poly aromatic hydrocarbon, pesticides like atrazine, lignocellulosic biomass and biogeochemical cycling of sulphur and nitrogen. Vermicomposting capacity of Perionyx excavatus and Eisenia foetida was studied for composting of crop residues (wheat straw and paddy straw) amended with farm yard manure. Mature vermicompost produced during the study had significant increase in total nitrogen (71 -150%), phosphorus (49 %–116%) and potassium (26.3–142%), along with decrease in organic carbon in different experimental vermibeds. Maximum total nitrogen as well as available phosphorous concentration was observed from vermibeds inoculated with E. foetida, whereas increased exchangeable potassium was recorded in vermicompost produced by P. excavatus. Enhanced hydrolytic enzyme activities of CMCases (1.51 folds), Fpases (2.11 folds) and β-glucosidases (1.38 folds) were recorded in treatments vermicomposted with P. excavatus.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Priming of Acacia nilotica seeds to improve germination and seedling growth
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Arjun Singh; Avtar Singh
    The present study “Priming of Acacia nilotica seeds to improve germination and seedling growth” was conducted at teaching area of department of Forestry & Natural Resources in the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The field experiment was conducted during two seasons i.e. Rainy season (July 2017) and autumn season (February 2018). Experiment consists of 10 seed priming treatments with KCl, NaCl and CaCl2 at 5, 10 and 15 Mmole and hydro priming (control). Among the season of sowing, significant increase in germination, growth and biomass parameters was observed in Rainy season than Autumn season. Among seed priming chemicals highest germination parameters viz. germination percentage, germination peak value, mean daily germination and germination value were recorded maximum in seeds treated with KCl 10 Mmole while the minimum for NaCl 5 Mmole. In case of growth attributes viz. seedling height, number of branches per plant, collar diameter, root length and root diameter were higher for treatment i.e CaCl2 10 Mmole, CaCl2 Mmole, KCl 15 Mmole, KCl 10 Mmole and KCl 10 Mmole respectively. Biomass parameters viz. shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root dry weight were recorded highest in calcium chloride 15 Mmole, CaCl2 10 Mmole, CaCl2 10 Mmole and CaCl2 10 Mmole, respectively. While seed priming with NaCl recorded lower growth and biomass attributes of seedlings. In general it can be concluded that seed priming with CaCl2 and KCl are suitable primer for increasing seed germination and growth and biomass of Acacia nilotica seedlings.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON MANAGEMENT OF SCLEROTINIA STEM ROT OF PEA INCITED BY Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib. De Bary
    (SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT- 250110 (U.P.),, 2022-08) Arjun Singh; Dr.Prashant Mishra