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Browsing Thesis by Author "Ahmad, Md. Abbas"

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    Biochemical and molecular studies on different chickpea genotypes against infestation of pod borer, Helicoverpaarmigera (Hübner)
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2018) Kumar, Pankaj; Ahmad, Md. Abbas
    During the course of investigation, Helicoverpa armigera was observed on chickpea genotypes from 51 to 114 days after sowing. The overall lowest mean larval population was recorded on Pusa 391 closely followed by RSG 888 during crop season 2017-18. The overall highest mean larval population (4.46) was recorded on JGK 1 which was at par with GJG 3, JAKI 9218, JG 315, JG 63 and JG 218.The maximum per cent pod damage (15.52%) was observed on JGK 1 genotype and minimum per cent pod damage (2.77%) in Pusa 391. Results of biochemical experiments indicated that genotype JGK 1 recorded the lowest phenol (0.045 mg/g), flavonoids (0.047 mg/g) and tannin content (0.675 mg/g) and highest protein content (17.27g/100g) as compared to other genotypes. In genotype KAK 2 protease inhibitor activity was very high(18.22 mg/g), where as it was lowest (7.42%) in GJG 3. The genotypes JGK 1, GJG 3 and JG 315 with high protein content recorded higherper cent pod damage(15.52%, 13.25% and 12.44%, respectively) indicating that the genotypes were more preferred by the H. armigera. On the other hand, low per cent pod damage on Pusa 391 (2.77%) and Vishal (4.74%)may be attributed to low protein content.Highly significant and negative correlation was observed between pod damage (%) and all major biochemical parameters studied. .On the basis of molecular studies, all the fifteen chickpea genotypes were divided into seven clusters. Eachcluster contains chickpea genotypes with similar characteristics. Cluster A comprised of JG 11, cluster B consisted of ICCV 2 and KAK 2, cluster C consisted of Pusa 391 and RSG 888, cluster D consisted of JGK 1, cluster E contains GJG 3, JG 315, JG 218 and JG 63, cluster F contains ICCV 10, RSG 44 and Vishal, and the cluster G consisted of JAKI 9218 and KPG 59 genotype.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Screening of Chickpea Genotypes against Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) Resistance under the Laboratory Conditions.
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2018) Kumari, Lovely; Ahmad, Md. Abbas
    Screening of chickpea genotypes against Callosobruchus chinensis resistance with the biophysical and biochemical parameters, observations in the laboratory in the Department of Entomology at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa during 2016-17, the results indicated that C1025 (97.22 eggs) was highly preferred for egg laying by C. chinensis while, C1021 (46.82 eggs) was found least preferred for oviposition. The minimum per cent adult emergence was observed on C1088 (59.14%) and the maximum percent adult emergence was observed on C1022 (76.22%). The maximum time for the development on C1021 (30.06 days).The minimum developmental period was recorded on C1120 (24.90 days). BG256 was found to be least susceptible to the attack by C. chinensis showing lowest growth index (2.09). The C1120 was found to be highly susceptible for the attack of beetle showing the highest growth index (3.10). The per cent loss in weight varied from maximum of 47.76% on C1025 to minimum of 09.81% on C1147. The results indicated that seed coat thickness ranged from 0.09 to 0.31 mm with maximum in C1064 (0.31 mm) and minimum in C1021 (0.09 mm). 100 seed weight ranged from 13.88 to 31.53 grams with maximum in BG 256 (38.03g) and minimum in C1063 (13.88g). The female beetle laid the lowest number of eggs on rough and small seeds of C1021, however, it preferred to highest number of eggs on smooth and medium seeds of C1025. None of the genotypes were completely resistant to the attack of C. chinensis differed in the resistance, which may seems to be due to the physical seed characters (colour, shape, size , texture, seed coat thickness and 100 seed weight) of chickpea genotypes. The results indicated that genotype C1120 (22.77g/100 grams of seed) with high protein content recorded high growth index (3.10) indicating that the genotypes were more preferred by the C. chinensis. On the other hand, low growth index on BG256 (18.56g./100 grams of seed) genotype may be attributed to low protein content. Genotypes C1022, C1121, C1021, C1063, C1023 with less phenol content had more growth index as compared to less susceptible genotypes C1156, C1088, and BG372 which showed less growth index. The genotype C1120 (0.39 mg/g) with less flavonoids content had high growth index as compared to moderately susceptible genotypes C1022 (0.76 mg/g seed) and less susceptible genotypes BG256 (0.88 mg/g).The lowest tannin content was drowned in genotypes, C1088 (0.260). However, highest tannin content was recorded in genotypes C1025 (0.433).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Seasonal incidence of major insect pests, diversity of their natural enemies and persistence of imidacloprid in boro rice
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) Choudhury, Srishti; Ahmad, Md. Abbas
    Out of the several pests observed in the boro rice ecosystem at Pusa, the yellow stem borer, leaf folder, whorl maggot and gundhi bug were observed to cause maximum damage to the crop. The maximum incidence of dead heart and white ears was seen during the 14th standard week of April and 20th standard week of May respectively. Dead heart incidence had a significant negative correlation with rainfall, whereas white ear head incidence was seen to have a significant positive correlation with rainfall, minimum temperature and relative humidity. The leaf folder incidence peaked during the 17th standard week of April with 62.93 per cent incidence and represented a positive and significant relation with respect to rainfall and bright sunshine hours. In case of whorl maggot, maximum incidence of 3.43% was recorded during the 16th standard week of April and there was a negative but significant relationship with minimum temperature as well as relative humidity in the evening. Gundhi bug incidence reached its peak point (4.05%) at the 21st standard week of May and showed a significant positive correlation with minimum temperature. The sweep net and handpicking methods used to capture natural enemies revealed that lady bird beetles, mirid bugs, dragonfly, damselfly, spiders and rove beetles were the dominant ones during Rabi 2021-22 in the boro rice production ii system. Among them, lady bird beetles had the highest relative abundance (30.07%), followed by spiders (16.70%), rove beetles (14.59%), damselfly (14.05%), dragonfly (13.64%) and mirid bugs (10.93%). The number of lady bird beetles, dragonfly and damselfly were observed to be the maximum during the months of March to April whereas spiders, mirid bugs and rove beetles reached maximum numbers during May. Representative samples of water after the first application, field soil and paddy leaves after the second application whereas that of straw, grain and husk at the harvesting period were collected and analyzed using modified QuEChERS technique. In water, at 0 day (2hrs after application) after the first application, the mean initial residue was 0.03 mg/kg at double dose (90 g a.i/ha) whereas at 45 g a.i./ha and 60 g a.i/ha, the residues were below the LOQ (0.01 mg/kg) and 1 day after applying the insecticide, the insecticide was undetectable in case of all the treatments. In soil samples, maximum residues were found at 0 day (2hrs after second application) for all the doses. The residues dissipated below the LOQ (0.05 mg/kg) after 15 days of the second application in case of the recommended dose. On the other hand, for 1.5 times the recommended dose and double dose, the amount of residues reached below the LOQ (0.05 mg/kg) after 30 days. In case of paddy leaves, the maximum level of residue was found after 3 days of the second application. After fifteen days of second application, residues in leaves were found to move below the LOQ (0.05 mg/kg) for 45 g a.i/ha as well as 60 g a.i/ha. However, at the double dose (90 g a.i/ha) the residues were found to be undetectable (<0.05 mg/kg) after 30 days of second application. Residue level was found to be below the limit of quantification (0.05mg/kg) in the harvest samples of grains, straw and husk. Hence, imidacloprid 0.3G wasn‟t found to cause issues of residual toxicity in the paddy production ecosystem.