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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
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Agriculture University, Kota
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Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda
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Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya
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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
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Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Dist. - Nadia, West Bengal PIN - 741 252
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Agriculture University, Jodhpur
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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
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Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Morphological variations in seed and seedling characteristics of different seed sources of Acacia nilotica (L.)Willd. ex Delile
    (Department of Forest Genetic Resources, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2016-08-01) S, Ajay Kumar; Hossain, M M
    The present investigation entitled, “Morphological variations in seed and seedling characteristics of different seed sources of Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Willd. Ex Delile” was carried out in the Department of Forest Genetic Resources, College of Forestry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar. The experiment was laid by CRD design with 3 treatments, there were significant variations found in seed characters except moisture content. The seed length and seed width were found to be maximum in seed source in GUJ S-3 (8.11mm and 6.77 mm, respectively)whereas minimum was recorded in MH RAN-46 (6.12 and 5.25 mm, respectively).The maximum seed thickness, weight and moisture content of 4.84 mm,23.06g and 9.97%, respectively werefound inGUJ S-1. Weight of seeds ranged from 10.28-23.06gm in MH RAN-46 and GUJ S-1 respectively. Genetic variation studies found that seed length had maximumPCV (33.13 %), GCV (32.87 %), and genetic gain (54.19 %) among all the seed characters studied. All the seed parameters are found to be phenotypically and genotypically positively correlated with each other.The Germination parameters were found to be significantly different from each other among seed sources. Germination percentage (80%), mean daily germination (2.88%) and mean germination time (16.77 days) were found maximum in seed source, GUJ S-1 whereas rest of the parameters like Germination energy (55.11%), peak value (3.5), Germination value (9.66), and Germination speed (4.24) were found to be maximum in the seed sources, GUJ S-2. The seed source MH RAN-46 recorded minimum for all germination traits. For germination parameters range of genetic variation is heritability (40.92-94.86%), PCV (61.29- 11.52%), GCV (56.06-11.22%) and genetic advance (105.64-28.06 %).The seedling traits showed significant variation among different seed sources. The seed source GUJ S-1 was found to be superior in all the growth parameters over other seed sources except MH RAN-43 in height. Seed source GUJ S-1 recorded maximum values in collar diameter (8.43 mm), number of primary branches (4.5 nos.), dry seedling weight (25.50 g), dry root weight(6.57g), seedling vigour index (11203.59), seedling volume index (6610.19), and seedling quality index (2.15) in eight months. The tallest seedling (115.33 cm) was obtained in the seed source MH RAN-43 and the longest root length (59.23 cm) was found in MH RAN-48. Most of the growth traits are found to have high heritability. The PCV, GCV of variation and genetic advance was maximum in volume index i.e., 45.74%, 42.26 % and 80.44%, respectively. Shoot fresh weight was significantly and positively correlated with collar diameter (0.863), number of primary branches (0.954), shoot dry weight (0.961), root fresh weight (0.679), quality index (0.851), vigour index (0.663) and volume index (0.761).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Varietal Resistance and Efficacy of Novel Insecticides against Sucking Insect Pests of Clusterbean, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.
    (2022) Choudhary, Anita; Kumawat, K.C.
    Investigation on „Varietal resistance and efficacy of novel insecticides against sucking insect pests of clusterbean, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. were carried out at Agronomy Farm of S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan) during Kharif, 2021. Out of ten varieties of clusterbean crop screened for their comparative resistance against leafhopper, whitefly and aphid, none of them was found completely free from infestation. The varieties RGC-197 and RGC-986 were categorized as highly resistant; RGC-1055, RGC-12-1, RGC-1017, RGC 1066 and RGC-1038 as moderately resistant and RGC-1002, RGC-1003 and RGC-1033 as least resistant against leafhopper. The varieties RGC-1017 and RGC-986 were categorized as highly resistant; RGC-197, RGR-12-1, RGC 1066, RGC-1055 and RGC-1038 as moderately resistant and RGC-1002, RGC-1003 and RGC-1033 as least resistant against whitefly. The varieties RGC-197 and RGC-1017 were categorized as highly resistant; RGC-1038, RGR-12-1, RGC-1055 and RGC-1033as moderately resistant and RGC-1003 and RGC-1002 and RGC-1066 as least resistant to aphid. The days to flower initation, plant height, pod length and fibre had non significant correlation. The trichome density, pod width, number of pods per plant, seed yield and total phenol had negative significant correlation, whereas the free amino acid, chlorophyll and mositure content had positive significant correlation with leafhopper, whitefly and aphid populations. The bioefficacy of newer insecticides tested against leafhopper, whitefly and aphid on clusterbean revealed that diafenthiuron 50 WP 0.05 per cent (88.14%), chlorfenapyr 0.01 per cent (84.62%) and flubendiamide 39.35 EC 0.01 per cent (82.12%) were found most effective against leafhopper. In case of whitefly, pyriproxyfen 0.005 per cent, diafenthiuron 0.05 per cent and dimethoate 0.03 per cent (90.56 – 93.65% reduction) were found most effective. In case of aphid, the most effective treatments were diafenthiuron 50 WP 0.05 per cent (95.62% reduction), buprofezin 25 SC 0.04 per cent (93.62%) and dimethoate 30 EC 0.03 per cent (91.82% reduction). The buprofezin 0.04 per cent and pyridalyl 0.015 per cent (5.66 – 5.67 Coccinella septempunctata/ 10 plants) were observed to inflict least adverse effect on ladybird beetle, vis-à-vis in dimethoate 0.03 per cent, bifenthrin 0.016 per cent, pyriproxyfen 0.005 per cent and pymetrozine 0.025 per cent were observed highly toxic (2.31-3.01 C. septempunctata/ 10 plants)proved highly toxic group. In case of C. zastrowi,arabica pyridayl 10 EC 0.015, pymetrozine 50 WG 0.025 per cent and chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 0.01 per cent (3.0 – 3.19 /10 plants) were observed to inflict least adverse effect, vis-à vis in dimethoate 30 EC 0.03 per cent, followed by diafenthiuron 50 WP 0.05 per cent, pyriproxyfen 10.8 EC 0.005 per and pymetrozine 50 WG 0.025 per cent (1.92 - 2.45/10 plants) proved highly toxic group. Maximum yield of 10.31 q/ hectare was registered in the plots treated with dimethoate 30 EC which was at par with diafenthiuron 50 WP (10.20 q/ha) and pyriproxyfen 10.8 EC (10.07 q/ha). These treatments were followed by chlorfenapyr 39.35 EC and chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC which revealed seed yield of 9.80 and 9.25 q/ ha. The minimum seed yield was recorded in pyridalyl 10 EC and pymetrozine 50 WPviz., 8.33 and 8.49 q/ha., respectively. The other treatments revealed seed yield which ranked in the middle order. The maximum increase in yield over untreated check was record in dimethoate 30 EC (0.03%) treated plots (5.31q ha-1 ). The maximum net return was recorded in the treatment of dimethoate 30 EC 0.03 per cent (` 24,150.00 ha-1 ) followed pyriproxyfen 0.005 per cent (` 23,072.00 ha-1 ) and diafenthiuron 50 WP 0.05 per cent (` 22,460.00 ha-1 ). The maximum benefit cost ratio was recorded in the treatment of pyriproxyfen 10.8 EC 0.005 per cent(10.13) followed by dimethoate 30 EC 0.03 per cent (10.06) and diafenthiuron 50 WP 0.05 per cent (6.34).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Survey and Management of Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica) in Field Pea (Pisum sativum Var. arvens L.)
    (2022) Rajveer; Gurjar, Hemraj
    Present study was carried out in Rabi season 2021-22 in Division of Nematology at Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur on survey and management of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in field pea (Pisum sativum Var. arvens L.). The distribution and occurrence of root-knot nematode in Zone IIIA of Rajasthan and the response of resistant promising cultivars against root-knot nematode, loss estimation caused by root-knot nematode and management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica through newer nematicide in field pea. A survey was carried out during the months of January to February, 2022. During survey total 482 soil and root samples were collected from from 27 localities of Zone IIIA of Rajasthan included Jaipur, Ajmer, Dausa and Tonk districts. Out of 482 Meloidogyne spp. was found maximum in 453 samples with 93.98% absolute frequency, 22.31% absolute density and 2.16% prominence value. Out of 27 localities the 100 % incidence of root knot nematode was recorded in 16 locilities i.e., Sanjhariya, Fathehpura, Bobas, Begus, Baseri, Keshyawala, Dhankya, Nimeda, Mukundpura, Lalsot, Chak Toonga, Madhogarh, Beechha, Kanota, Harsuliya and Bassi.The other plant parasitic nematodes like Helicotylenchus spp., Pratylenchus spp., Hoplolaimus spp. and free-living Saprophytes also look into collected soil and root samples. In other pathological disease the maximum disease incidence of root-rot (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Pisi) disease of field pea was recorded in Diggi (ARSS) Institute (30.00%) of Tonk district and maximum disease incidence of wilt (Rhizoctonia solani) disease of field pea was recorded in Bassi village (25.00%) of jaipur district. In the varietal screening of forty two cultivars i.e., Adarsh, Aman, Ambika, HFP 1426, HFP 1428, HFP 529, HFP 715, HFP 9426, HFP 9907B, HFP-4, HUDP 15, IPF 16-13, IPF 20-17, IPF 20-21, IPFD 10-12, IPFD 1-10 (Prakash), IPFD 11-5, IPFD 12-2, IPFD 14-2, IPFD 19-1, IPFD 19-3, IPFD 20-2, IPFD 20-3, IPFD 20-8, IPFD 20-9, Pant P 243, Pant P 250, Pant P 42, Pant P 455, Pant P 462, Pant P 479, Pant P 480, Pant P 484, Pant P 497, Pant P 498, Pant P 501, Pant P 74, RFP 2010-4, RFPG 181, SKNP 04-09, TRCP 8 and TRCP 9 screened to detect the source of resistance against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica. Out of 42 sixteen cultivars sixteen i.e., Adarsh, Aman, HFP 1426, HFP 1428, HFP 715, HFP 9426, HUDP 15, IPF 16-13, IPFD 10-12, IPFD 11-5, IPFD 12-2, IPFD 19-1, Pant P 480, Pant P 484, Pant P 497 and Pant P 498 were found highly susceptible. Remaining twenty six cultivars i.e., Ambika, HFP 529, HFP 9907B, HFP-4, IPF 20-17, IPF 20-21, IPFD 1-10 (Prakash), IPFD 14-2, IPFD 19-3, IPFD 20-2, IPFD 20-3, IPFD 20-8, IPFD 20-9, Pant P 243, Pant P 250, Pant P 42, Pant P 455, Pant P 462, Pant P 479, Pant P 501, Pant P 74, RFP 2010-4, RFPG 181, SKNP 04-09, TRCP 8 and TRCP 9 were showed susceptible reaction against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica. No anyone was found highly resistant, resistant and moderately resistant against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Plant Growth Regulator and Growing Media on Growth of Root and Shoot in Dragon fruit [Hylocereus undatus L.]
    (2022) Dengri, Dollshree; L.N. Bairwa
    An experiment entitled “Effect of Plant Growth Regulator and Growing Media on Growth of Root and Shoot in Dragon fruit [Hylocereus undatus L.]” conducted during August – November 2021 in shade net house of Horticulture farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner- Jaipur (Rajasthan). The experiment was laid out in Factorial CRD and replicated three times with 16 treatment combinations including four plant growth regulator (IBA) concentrations (control, 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm) and four growing media (control, sand : cocopeat, sand : vermicompost and sand : vermicompost : cocopeat). The result revealed that the dragon fruit cuttings treated with IBA at 6000 ppm performed superior in all the parameters viz., least number of days taken for root initiation (15.06 days), maximum percentage of rooted cuttings (85.88%), length of longest root (20.60 cm), average length of roots per cutting (13.52 cm), average number of roots per cutting (22.15), diameter of root (1.38 mm), least days taken for sprouting (25.03 days), percentage sprouting (59.98%), sprouts per cutting (2.35), shoot length per cutting (14.80 cm) and diameter of shoot (36.99 mm) at 75 days of planting, where IBA at 4000 ppm was reported at par with 6000 ppm of IBA. Similarly, sand : vermicompost: cocopeat (1 : 1: 1) growing media showed significantly higher results for all parameters viz., least number of days taken for root initiation (15.04 days), maximum percentage of rooted cuttings (85.81%), length of longest root (20.05 cm), average length of roots per cutting (13.28 cm), average number of roots per cutting (22.16), diameter of root (1.35 mm), least days taken for sprouting (25.01 days), percentage sprouting (59.53%), sprouts per cutting (2.35), shoot length per cutting (14.80 cm), diameter of shoot (36.47 mm) at 75 days of planting. Dragon fruit stem cuttings treated with 6000 ppm of IBA and grown in sand: vermicompost: cocopeat (1 : 1 : 1) media proved significantly superior combined treatment in maximum average root (17.14 cm) and shoot (18.64 cm) length. The maximum net return (₹ 854.94 per bed) and B:C ratio (2.21) was recorded under treatment combination G2M2 (IBA at 4000 ppm + sand : vermicompost) which was found to be significantly superior over the rest of the treatment combinations.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR POD YIELD AND STEM ROT RESISTANCE IN PEANUT [Arachis hypogaea (L.)]
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-04-26) K. AMARNATH; Dr. M. REDDI SEKHAR
    The present experiment entitled “Genetic analysis for pod yield and stem rot resistance in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)” was carried out in both stress (sick plot) and control condition at Dry land farm, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. Five lines viz., Kadiri-6, Narayani, TAG-24, ICGV 07262 and four testers viz., TCGS-1862, TCGS-2149, J-11 and CS-19 were hybridized in a Line x Tester design during kharif, 2019. The resulting 20 F1 crosses along with their parents were evaluated during rabi, 2019 under both sick plot and control condition simultaneously. The analysis of variance revealed the existence of substantial variation among lines, testers and F1 crosses for all the 23 traits. Based on mean performance and gca effects, the line i.e., ICGV-07262 and the testers viz., J-11 and CS-19 were identified as the best parents for yield and yield attributing traits in both sick plot and control condition. Hence, these parents and their crosses could be exploited for improvement of pod yield and its attributes in groundnut. The estimates of mean sum of squares due to lines, testers, crosses and their interaction showed significant variation for all the characters. The magnitude of SCA variance was higher than GCA variance for all the characters indicating the preponderance of non-additive gene action in the expression of these traits. On the basis of per se performance and sca effects, the F1 crosses viz., Kadiri-6 x CS-19, Narayani x J-11, ICGV-07262 x TCGS-1862 and ICGV 07262 x TCGS-2149 were found as superior crosses for yield, yield components and percent disease incidence (PDI) at maturity in sick plot and control condition and could be exploited to obtain desirable transgressive segregants in advanced generations with increased pod yield coupled with stem rot resistance. Based on heterosis ICGV-07262 x TCGS-1862 was adjudged as the best heterotic cross for pod yield plant-1 and percent disease incidence (PDI) at maturity among 20 F1 crosses. In overall, Narayani x J-11, Kadiri-6 x CS-19, xxii ICGV-07262 x TCGS-1862 and ICGV-07262 x TCGS-2149 were selected as desirable heterotic cross combinations for pod yield and its components coupled with stem rot resistance. Generation mean analysis of four crosses viz., Narayani x J-11, Kadiri-6 x CS-19, ICGV-07262 x TCGS-1862 and ICGV-07262 x TCGS-2149 for 20 yield and yield components deciphered the importance of epistatic effects in all the crosses for all the traits. Predominance of dominance gene effects were expressed for pod yield plant-1 in ICGV-07262 x TCGS-1862 and for kernel yield plant-1 in Narayani x J-11 under both sick plot and control condition. Significant additive x additive [i] gene effects were exhibited in the crosses viz., Narayani x J-11 and ICGV-07262 x TCGS-1862 in both sick plot and control condition for pod yield plant-1 while additive x dominance [j] gene effects were displayed in the crosses, Narayani x J-11 in sick plot and Kadiri-6 x CS-19 in control condition for yield and its attributes. Duplicate type of epistasis was involved in expression of pod yield and its components in all four crosses in both sick plot and control condition. Hence, biparental mating in early generations followed by selection in advance generations of all four crosses is advocated to isolate high yielding purelines in groundnut. On contrary, complementary type of epitasis was predominant in the cross, Narayani x J-11 for SLA at 60DAS, number of flowers plant-1 from 25 to 50 DAS and hundred kernel weight in both sick plot and control condition. Similarly, the cross ICGV-07262 x TCGS-2149 showed complementary epitasis for hundred kernel weight and dry haulm weight plant -1 in both sick and control condition while, ICGV-07262 x TCGS-1862 also displayed complementary epitasis for hundred kernel weight in both sick plot and control condition. Two or three cycles of intermating of selects followed by selection in later generation is suggested for exploitation of superior transgressive segregants in these crosses. The monogenic inheritance of stem rot resistance was confirmed in F2 generation of the crosses viz., Kadiri-6 x CS-19 and Narayani x J-11. Duplicate type of gene action involving two major genes was evident in inheritance of stem rot resistance in the F2 generation of crosses viz., ICGV-07262 x TCGS-1862 and ICGV-07262 x TCGS-2149, respectively. Significant and positive heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard parent was displayed in the cross, ICGV-07262 x TCGS- 1862 with high inbreeding depression for pod yield plant-1 and kernel yield plant-1 in both sick plot and control condition indicating non additive gene action on trait governance and could be exploited through heterosis breeding. However, the cross ICGV-07262 x TCGS- 2149 exhibited significant mid parent heterosis, better parent heterosis and standard heterosis with low inbreeding depression in control condition suggesting the preponderance of additive gene action governing the trait expression and preceeding its suitability for advancement through recombination breeding. High frequency of transgressive segregants were obtained in F2 populations of ICGV-07262 x TCGS- 2149 (42.77%) followed by Narayani x J 11 (25.55%), Kadiri-6 x CS-19 (21.66%) and ICGV-07262 x TCGS-1862 (19.44%) for pod yield and its attributes. These crosses could be selected for xxiii recovery of transgressive segregants, which could be advanced in single plant progenies through later generations in pedigree breeding for development of high yielding purelines for yield and its attributes in groundnut. Disease reaction of genotypes to stem rot identified ten genotypes as immune (TCGS-1862, TCGS-2149, J-11, CS-19, Abhaya, TCGS-2018, TCGS 2197, TCGS-2196, TCGS-1877, TCGS-2015), one genotype as highly resistant (TCGS-2122), two genotypes as resistant (TCGS-2198 and TCGS-2015), 13 genotypes as moderately susceptible (Kadiri -6, TAG-24, ICGV-07262, ICGV 91114, ICGV-00350, Prasuna, JL-24, Kadiri -9, Kadiri Amaravathi, Bheema, TCGS-2160, TCGS-2200 and TCGS-1399) and four genotypes as highly susceptible (Narayani, Kadiri-7, Greeshma and TCGS-1522), respectively and could be further utilized in resistance breeding programme. Three SSR markers viz., DGR 294, DGR-470 and DGR-510 displayed 60.00 % of polymorphism among 30 groundnut genotypes. Among the polymorphic primers, DGR-294 was found as informative marker with PIC value of 0.24 and Heterozygosity value of 0.3. Hence, the primer DGR-294 could be employed as a reliable marker for marker assisted breeding programmes in groundnut.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Persistence, mitigation and leaching of atrazine and its metabolites in soil
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01) Priyanka; Duhan, Anil
    Persistence, mitigation and leaching potential of atrazine and its metabolites in sandy and clay loam soils was studied. Soil samples were collected periodically for dissipation and mitigation studies. Leaching experiment was performed at 50 μg (single dose) and 100 μg (double dose) in both soils taken in plexi glass columns. Enzymatic activities were studied as per the explained method in available literature. Sample preparation techniques i.e. Matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD), was optimized using different solvents for both soils at fortification level of 0.001 μg/g for sample preparation. The limits of detection and quantification were ranged 0.0005-0.001 and 0.001-0.005μg/g, respectively for AT and metabolites. In clay loam and sandy loam soil, average recoveries of atrazine and metabolites ranged from 81.3-83.1% and 84.2-86.3%, respectively in methanol. Dissipation followed first-order kinetics. The residues reached below detectable limit after 30 and 60 days in sandy loam and clay loam soils, respectively. Presence of organic manures stimulated while BGC inhibited the dissipation of atrazine in both soils. Urease activity decreased up to 30 days and boosted thereafter up to 60 days in all treatments of clay loam soil. AT exhibited deleterious effect on urease activity up to 30 DAT followed by DEA and DIA in clay loam soil. AT and DEA stimulated while DIA inhibited DHG activity on 0 DAT in comparison to control. The residues of atrazine and its metabolites found in leachate fractions suggested about its highly mobile nature, and possible threat of surface and ground water contamination. The presence of a notable collection of residues in leachate fractions suggests the potential for surface and groundwater contamination. DEA and DIA metabolites, in particular, caused springtail Folsomia candida and earthworm Eisenia fetida to have longer and more unacceptable risks. If residues similar to those found in leachate fractions reach water bodies, they may be toxic to a variety of freshwater fish, aquatic arthropods, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates. Future research should take a more comprehensive approach to assessing ecological health and potential threats to non-target species.
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