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Open Access
Population Dynamics of Major Insect Pests and Their Management in Isabgol (Plantago ovata Forst.)
(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-11-05) Ola, Rajveer Singh; Kumawat, M.M.
The investigation on “population dynamics of major insect pests and their management in isabgol (Plantago ovata Forst.)” under semi-arid condition was carried out in Rabi, 2021-22 at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur. The aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover was found the major pest of isabgol in the semi arid region of the Rajasthan. The infestation of A. gossypii was appeared on 2nd SMW and its peak activity was observed in 4th week of February (8th SMW). The activity of three coccinelids viz. Brumoides suturalis Fabricius, Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius and Coccinella septempunctata Fabricius were also studied, and their peak population was of noticed from 8th to 10th SMW. C. septempunctata lead the population among coccinelids and might be played the major role in reduction of aphids. The significant positive correlation of aphids was found with bright sunshine. The correlation between the population of aphids and natural enemies was significantly positive. The significant positive correlation in population of B. suturalis, C. septempunctata and C. sexmaculata was found with bright sunshine and maximum temperature. A total of 20 genotypes of isabgol were screened against aphid, A. gossypii. The population of aphids was recorded highest at 72 DAS (12th February) which was varied from 54.51 to 40.27 aphids/plant in different genotypes, where maximum number of aphids was observed on HI 2 (54.51 aphids/plant) followed by HI 1 (54.04) and the subsequent decreasing order in aphid population was found on RI 3025 > RI 1 > RI 158 > RI 153 > RI 147 > RI 150 > RI 151 > RI 136 > GI 2 > GI 2-800-15 > RI 167 > RI 166 > RI 148 > RI 154 > RI 168 > DM 9 > RI 89- 800-4 > RI 156. The maximum reduction of aphids was recorded in treatment flonicamid 50 WG @ 75 g a.i./ha and minimum with azadirachtin 10,000 PPM. The maximum yield (1,013 kg/ha) was recorded in the treatment of flonicamid 50 WG and minimum was obtained in the untreated control (440 kg/ha) followed by azadirachtin 10,000 PPM (560 kg/ha). The highest benefit-cost ratio (2.78:1) was computed in flonicamid 50 WG and minimum B: C ratio was obtained in azadirachtin 10000 PPM (1.09:1).
Open Access
Efficacy of Herbicides in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-11-26) Meena, Vikash; Mehriya, M.L.
The field experiment entitled “Efficacy of Herbicides in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)” was conducted at experimental field of the Agricultural Research Station Mandor, Jodhpur during Rabi season of 2021-22. The treatments consisting of ten treatments of herbicides viz. Pendimethalin 1 kg/ha, PE (T1), Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr (Ready mix) 800 g/ha, PE (T2), Diclosulam 20 g/ha, PE (T3), Flumioxazin 100 g/ha, PE (T4), Imazethapyr 50 g/ha (20 DAS) (T5), Sodium aciflurofan + Clodinafop propargyl (Ready mix) 210 g/ha (20 DAS) (T6), Fomesafen + Fluazifop p-butyl 220 g/ha 20 DAS (Ready mix) (T7), Fluazifop p-butyl, 250 g/ha (20 DAS) (T8), weed free (T9) and weedy check (T10) were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The fenugreek var. RMT-305 was used for experimentation. Results showed that the weed observations, growth parameters, yield attributes and yield, nutrient content and uptake, quality and economics of fenugreek were significantly influenced due to application of different treatment of weed management. Application of Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr (Ready mix) 800 g/ha, PE (T2) gave significantly lowest density of different weeds viz., Chenopodium murale L., Chenopodium album L., Rumex dentatus L., other minor weeds and total weeds, total dry weight of weeds, lowest weed index and maximum weed control efficiency at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest stages. Further, significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of branches/plant, number of seeds/pod, length of pod, test weight, number of nodules/plant, fresh and dry weight of nodules, seed, straw and biological yields (1652 kg/ha, 4041 kg/ ha and 5693 kg/ha, respectively), nitrogen content and uptake by seed and straw, protein content in seed, net returns (Rs 79162/ha) and B: C ratio (4.32) of fenugreek were also obtained with Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr (Ready mix) 800 g/ha, PE (T2). Thus, the application of Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr (Ready mix) 800 g/ha, PE was found economically viable method of weed control in fenugreek having highest (75.12%) weed control efficiency along with highest seed yield, higher monetary returns and B: C ratio.
Open Access
Efficacy of Herbicides on Growth and Yield of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)
(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022) Kumar, Anuj; Ram, Moola
The field experiment entitled “Efficacy of herbicides on growth and yield of chia (Salvia hispanica L.)” was conducted at Research Farm of ARS, Mandor, Jodhpur, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during Rabi season of 2021-22. The treatments consisting of ten treatments of weed management viz. bentazon 48% SL 500 g/ha at 30 DAS (T1), bentazon 48% SL 750 g/ha at 30 DAS (T2), fluazifop–p butyl 11.1% SL 100 g/ha at 30 DAS (T3), fluazifop–p-butyl 11.1% SL 200 g/ha at 30 DAS (T4), sulfentrazon 39.6% SC 50 g/ha as pre-emergence (T5), sulfentrazon 39.6% SC 75 g/ha as pre-emergence (T6), pendimethalin 38.7% CS 200 g/ha pre-emergence (T7), pendimethalin 38.7% CS 400 g/ha pre-emergence (T8), weed free (T9) and weedy check (T10) were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that post-emergence application of bentazon 48% SL 750 g/ha recorded significantly lower density of total weeds, total dry weight of weeds, weed index and higher weed control efficiency, growth attributes, yield attributes, yield, net returns and BC ratio as compared to weedy check. Among pre-emergence applied herbicides, sulfentrazon 39.6% SC 75 g/ha (T6) and pendimethalin 38.7% CS 400 g/ha (T8) were statistically at par and recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes and lower total dry weight of weeds, weed index and higher weed control efficiency. Therefore, bentazon 48% SL 750 g/ha as post-emergence (30 DAS) herbicide and sulfentrazon 39.6% SC 75 g/ha or pendimethalin 38.7% CS 400 g/ha as pre-emergence can be used for weed control in chia crop.
Open Access
Effect of Planting Methods, Mulches and Drip Irrigation Scheduling on Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2024-01-30) Kumar, Sunil; Mehriya, M. L.; Mehriya, M. L.
A field investigation was undertaken to study the effect of planting methods, mulches and drip irrigation scheduling on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) at Instructional Farm of College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during the Rabi seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22. The field experiment was comprised of four levels of drip irrigation (1.0, 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 PEF) in main plots, two planting methods (Direct sowing and Transplanting) in sub plots and three mulches (No mulch, Straw mulch and Plastic mulch) in sub-sub plots. The trial was laid out in split plot design with three replications and 24 treatment combinations. The results revealed that progressive increase in levels of drip irrigation from 0.4 to 1.0 PEF significantly improved growth parameters, yield attributes and yield, N, P and K absorption by the crop. Plant height, dry matter accumulation, total chlorophyll content and relative water content at 70, 105 DAS and at harvest, number of branches/plant at 70 DAS and at harvest were significantly higher with drip irrigation at 1.0 PEF on pooled basis. However, significantly higher root growth parameters viz. root length, root volume and root dry matter were recorded with drip irrigation at 0.6 PEF in both the seasons as well as on pooled basis. Drip irrigation applied at 1.0 PEF produced seed yield of 2482 kg/ha, which was significantly higher by 13.23, 32.09 and 79.85 percent over 0.8 (2192 kg/ha), 0.6 (1879 kg/ha) and 0.4 PEF (1380 kg/ha), respectively. The volatile oil yield (34.84 kg/ha) and protein yield (252.23 kg/ha) were significantly higher at this level of drip irrigation compared to its lower levels. The gross monetary returns (2,62,013 ₹/ha), net monetary returns (1,96,058 ₹/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.99) were also highest under this treatment. The maximum consumptive use of water (590.1 mm) was computed with highest drip irrigation volume (1.0 PEF), whereas water use efficiency (5.24 kg/m3 ) and water productivity (557.32 ₹/m3 ) was maximum with lowest level of drip irrigation (0.4 PEF). Further, transplanting method consistently outperformed direct sowing resulting to enhanced growth parameters viz. plant height, dry matter accumulation, total chlorophyll content, root volume and root dry matter at 35, 70, 105 DAS and number of branches/plant at 70 DAS and at harvest and yield attributes viz. number of umbels/plant (16.0), number of umbellets/umbel (14.1), number of seeds/umbellet (18.3), number of seeds/plant (4177), test weight (7.20 g), seed yield/plant (26.15 g/plant) and seed yield (2141 kg/ha), stalk yield (4954 kg/ha) and biological yield (7095 kg/ha) on pooled basis. Additionally, N, P and K absorption as well as their uptakes by crops, volatile oil content (1.60 percent) and its yield (33.62 kg/ha), protein content (9.34 percent) and respective yield (204.58 kg/ha) were also significantly higher with transplanting method compared to direct sowing. In terms of economic returns, transplanting gave maximum gross monetary returns (2,25,778 ₹/ha), net monetary returns (1,58,294 ₹/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.35). Moreover, consumptive use of water was not significantly varied due to planting methods. However, maximum water use efficiency (5.00 kg/m3 ) and water productivity (529.89 ₹/ha) were highest under transplanting method. Among mulches, straw and plastic mulches recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes over no mulch in both the seasons. However, the use of straw mulch recorded significantly improved growth attributes, yield attributes and yield, NPK content and their uptake by fennel, volatile oil yield and protein yield compared to plastic mulch and no mulch in both the seasons of experimentation. The significantly higher seed yield (2233 kg/ha), stalk yield (5216 kg/ha), biological yield (7449 kg/ha), volatile oil content (1.59 percent) and yield (34.98 kg/ha), protein content (9.35 percent) and protein yield (213.01 kg/ha) were recorded with the application of straw mulch. The maximum consumptive use of water was computed under no mulch (451.5 mm). Whereas, maximum water use efficiency (5.16 kg/m3 ) and water productivity (542.70 ₹/m3 ) were calculated with the use of straw mulch. Further, the highest gross monetary returns (2,35,790 ₹/ha), net monetary returns (2,07,060 ₹/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.65) were recorded with straw mulch. The interaction effect between levels of drip irrigation and planting methods, levels of drip irrigation and mulches, planting methods and mulches were found significant in both the seasons as well as on pooled basis. Drip irrigation at 1.0 PEF superimposed with transplanting recorded significantly higher plant height and dry matter accumulation at 105 DAS and harvest, yield attributes viz. number of umbels/plant (19.7), number of umbellets/umbel (17.0), number of seeds/umbellet (20.8), number of seeds/plant (5429), seed yield/plant (31.20 g/plant) and seed yield (2685 kg/ha), stalk yield (5776 kg/ha), biological yield (8461 kg/ha), volatile oil yield (38.29 kg/ha), protein yield (278.31 kg/ha) over rest of the combination. NPK uptakes by seed (44.59, 14.24 and 8.92 kg/ha) and stalk (47.02, 12.12 and 86.45 kg/ha) of fennel, respectively were also significantly enhanced with this combination. Among the interaction between the combination of levels of drip irrigation and mulches, drip irrigation at 1.0 PEF and straw mulch recorded significantly higher yield attributes viz. number of umbels/plant (19.0), number of umbellets/umbel (16.8), number of seeds/umbellet (19.7), number of seeds/plant (5133), seed yield/plant (33.22 g/plant) and seed yield (2796 kg/ha), stalk yield (6123 kg/ha) and biological yield (8919 kg/ha). This combination also enhanced volatile oil yield (40.18 kg/ha) and protein yield (290.41 kg/ha) as well as NPK uptake by seed (46.47, 15.06 and 9.29 kg/ha) and stalk (50.42, 13.09 and 91.79 kg/ha) of fennel, respectively. Likewise, when transplanting combined with straw mulch, it also significantly improved seed yield (2348 kg/ha), stalk yield (5338 kg/ha), biological yield (7687kg/ha). Moreover, volatile oil yield (37.34 kg/ha), protein yield (228.11 kg/ha) and uptake of NPK by crop were also significantly higher with this combination over rest of the treatment combinations.
Open Access
Statistical Study on Rainfall in Rainfed Rice in Cooch Behar District of West Bengal
(2021) Nishtha Pradarshika Rai
Open Access
EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF PACLOBUTRAZOL ON PLANT GROWTH, FLOWERING, QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AND SEED YIELD IN VERBENA
(UHF Nauni, 2024-03-24) VINAY; BS Dilta
The present investigation titled, “Effect of seed priming and foliar application of paclobutrazol on plant growth, flowering, quality attributes and seed yield in verbena” was carried out at Research Farm and Laboratory of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2021-22 and 2022-23. First experiment was carried out in CRD under protected conditions using cocopeat and sand (3:1, v/v) in protrays, comprising 22 seed priming treatments of GA3, PEG 6000 and hydropriming along with control and evaluated based on the warranted parameters of quality seedlings. One best treatment among each was used for 2nd experiment under field conditions. It was observed that GA3 seed priming treatment T5 (100 ppm for 24 hours), significantly improved the seedling emergence (84.00 %), seedling length (13.61 cm), seedling dry weight (126.67 mg), SVI-I (1143.46) and SVI-II (10639.66). However, among osmopriming with PEG 6000, treatments, T13 (-1.0 MPa for 12 hours) resulted in significantly increase in the seedling emergence (83.00 %), seedling length (13.57 cm), seedling dry weight (124.35 mg), SVI-I (1126.06) and SVI-II (10320.94). Hydropriming for a duration of 24 hours was found best amongst its other durations and resulted in highest seedling emergence (80.88 %), seedling length (10.61 cm), seedling dry weight (119.41 mg), SVI-I (858.09) and SVI-II (9657.98). Therefore, seed priming with GA3 (100 ppm for 24 hours), osmopriming with PEG 6000 (-1.0 MPa for 12 hours) and hydropriming for 24 hours was used for field trial along with control. Second experiment was laid out in RCBD (factorial) for field studies and CRD (factorial) for laboratory studies. In addition to seed priming treatments, foliar application of paclobutrazol (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 ppm) was done at 40 days after transplanting of seedlings. Data for various growth, flowering and seed yield contributing characters were recorded along with seed quality parameters of harvested seeds. From the investigation it was concluded that, seed priming with GA3 (@ 100 ppm for 24 hours) + foliar application of paclobutrazol @ 5.0 ppm has improved all the parameters under study by increasing number of branches per plant (51.92), plant spread (29.52 cm), number of flowers per plant (588.92), duration of flowering (74.67), number of capsules per plant (367.22), seed yield (3.01 g per plant and 27.11 g per plot), estimated seed yield per hectare (216.84 kg) and 1000 seed weight (2.091 g) including best quality seeds exhibiting highest germination percentage (83.13 %), seedling length (7.38 cm), seedling dry weight (0.640 mg), SVI-I (614.91), SVI-II (53.21), highest germination after AAT (75.25 %), lowest EC (99.25 μS/cm) and gave highest net return (Rs. 3830999) and B:C ratio (7.57:1) in verbena. Therefore, based on the positive outcomes observed in the investigation, the treatment combination comprising seed priming with GA3 @ 100 ppm for 24 hours and foliar application of paclobutrazol @ 5.0 ppm can be suggested to use after multi-location testing for achieving improved plant growth, flowering and higher yield of quality seeds in verbena under mid hill conditions of HP
Open Access
Effect of Hydrogel and Foliar Spray of Agro-chemicals on Productivity of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss]
(2022) Choudhary,Jitendra; Priyanka Kumawat
A field experiment was conducted during rabi season, 2021-22 at the Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner, to study the “Effect of Hydrogel and Foliar Spray of Agro-chemicals on Productivity of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss]”. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications, assigning sixteen treatment combinations consisting of four hydrogel levels (control, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 kg/ha) and four treatments of foliar spray of agro-chemicals (water spray, thiourea 500 ppm, salicylic acid 100 ppm and NPK (19:19:19) 0.5 %) were applied to the Indian mustard var. Giriraj (DRMRIJ-31). The experimental results showed that application of hydrogel at 5.0 kg/ha, being at par with application of hydrogel at 7.5 kg/ha, recorded significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, number of primary and secondary branches, CGR, number of siliqua/plant, number of seeds/siliqua, seed yield (1797 kg/ha), stover yield (3863 kg/ha), biological yield (5660 kg/ha), net returns ( 93379/ha) and B:C ratio (3.82) of Indian mustard as compared to hydrogel at 2.5 kg/ha and control. Further, the same trend was also observed for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in seed and stover and their uptake by seed, stover and total uptake, protein content in seed, oil yield, water use efficiency and soil moisture content in soil. While, the plant stand, RGR, number of primary and secondary branches at 40 DAS, test weight and harvest index of Indian mustard was not improved significantly due to different levels of hydrogel. Results further showed that foliar spray of thiourea (500 ppm) being at par with salicylic acid (100 ppm) recorded significantly higher dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches, CGR, number of siliqua/plant, number of seeds/siliqua, seed yield (1820 kg/ha), stover yield (3897 kg/ha), biological yield (5717 kg/ha), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by seed, stover, oil content, oil yield, along with higher water use efficiency, net returns ( 95733/ha) and B:C ratio (3.95) of Indian mustard. However, maximum plant height chlorophyll content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in seeds were recorded under foliar spray of NPK (19:19:19) 0.5% which was statistically at par with thiourea (500 ppm).
Open Access
EFFECT OF EMS AND COLCHICINE TREATED SEEDS ON PLANT GROWTH AND FLOWERING IN MARIGOLD
(UHF Nauni, 2024-02-24) PARINITI KUMARI; BS Dilta
The investigation titled, "Effect of EMS and colchicine treated seeds on plant growth and flowering in marigold" was carried out at the Research Farm and Laboratory of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during the years, 2021-22 and 2022-23. The seeds of two cultivars namely, ‘Pusa Bahar’ and ‘Pusa Deep’ of marigold were treated with 14 treatments viz., T1 (control), T2 (hydropriming for 12 hours), T3 (hydropriming for 12 hours + seed soaking in 0.25% EMS for 6 hours), T4 (hydropriming for 12 hours + seed soaking in 0.50 % EMS for 6 hours), T5 (hydropriming for 12 hours + seed soaking in 0.75 % EMS for 6 hours), T6 (hydropriming for 12 hours + seed soaking in 1.00 % EMS for 6 hours), T7 (hydropriming for 12 hours + seed soaking in 1.25 % EMS for 6 hours), T8 (hydropriming for 12 hours + seed soaking in 1.50 % EMS for 6 hours), T9 (hydropriming for 12 hours + seed soaking in 0.025% colchicine for 1.5 hours), T10 (hydropriming for 12 hours + seed soaking in 0.050 % colchicine for 1.5 hours), T11 (hydropriming for 12 hours + seed soaking in 0.075 % colchicine for 1.5 hours), T12 (hydropriming for 12 hours + seed soaking in 0.100% colchicine for 1.5 hours), T13 (hydropriming for 12 hours + seed soaking in 0.125 % colchicine for 1.5 hours) and T14 (hydropriming for 12 hours + seed soaking in 0.150 % colchicine for 1.5 hours). The experiment was laid out in RCBD (factorial) for field studies. Data on various growth and flowering parameters were recorded. The germination percentage, plant height, duration of flowering and peduncle length decreased with the increase in the EMS and colchicine concentrations. Among the EMS treatments, maximum value for plant spread (54.03 cm and 55.21 cm), number of branches (26.01 and 17.76) and number of flower heads per plant (48.85 and 62.40) in both the cultivars (‘Pusa Bahar’ and ‘Pusa Deep’) were recorded in T7. In ‘Pusa Bahar’ and ‘Pusa Deep’, the maximum flower head diameter (4.68 cm and 3.68 cm) and flower head weight (4.66 g and 1.76 g) was recorded in T3. Among the colchicine concentrations, the highest number of branches (29.45 and 18.97), number of flowers per plant (40.56 and 61.39), flower diameter (4.94 cm and 3.97 cm) and flower weight (4.94 g and 1.94 g) was recorded in T12 in both the cultivars. Variations in foliage colours and flower head colour were also observed in T4, T5, T6 T7, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13 and T14. One sectorial chimera was also induced in one flower head in ‘Pusa Deep’ by treatment T14. Accordingly, it is concluded from the outcomes of the investigation that seed treatment with T7 and T12 can be recommended to promote the growth and flowering characters in marigold cultivars, ‘Pusa Bahar’ and ‘Pusa Deep’. In addition, 20 variants (10 each in ‘Pusa Bahar’ and ‘Pusa Deep’) were induced with various treatments and which were identified, selected and evaluated under this investigation
Open Access
EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING TREATMENTS AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF PACLOBUTRAZOL ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY IN SALVIA (Salvia splendens Sellow ex Schult.)
(UHF Nauni, 2024-08-21) ANU SHARMA; BS Dilta
The investigation titled, "Effect of seed priming treatments and foliar application of paclobutrazol on seed yield and quality in salvia (Salvia splendens Sellow ex Schult.)" was carried out at Research Farm and Laboratory of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2021-22 and 2022-23. First experiment was carried out in laboratory in completely randomized design (CRD) replicated four times, with 100 seeds per replication. There were twenty seed priming treatments viz. hydro priming for 12 hours, hot water treatments @ 50°C for 10 minutes, 15 minutes and 20 minutes and soaking of seeds in distilled water overnight, priming of seeds in the solutions of GA3 (100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm, 250 ppm for 12 hours), cow urine (5, 10 , 15 and 20 % for 12 hours), cow dung slurry for 12 hours and 24 hours and bio priming of seeds with Pseudomonas chlororaphis for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours including untreated control. Amongst them, priming of seeds in cow dung slurry for 24 hours significantly resulted in the increasing of germination percentage (85.38 %), seedling length (5.72 cm), seedling dry weight (2.36 mg), seed vigour index-I (488.44), seed vigour index-II (201.79) and it was followed by cow urine @ 10 % for 12 hours and GA3 @ 150 ppm for 12 hours. However, lowest germination percentage (51.62 %), seedling length (3.42 cm), seedling dry weight (1.48 mg), seed vigour index-I (176.62), seed vigour index-II (76.51) was observed in the treatment of bio priming with Pseudomonas chlororaphis for 96 hours. The second experiment was laid out in RCBD (factorial) for field studies and CRD (factorial) for laboratory studies. To carry out the second experiment, seed priming treatments viz., cow dung slurry for 24 hours, cow urine @ 10% for 12 hours and GA3 @ 150 ppm for 12 hours were selected to raise the stocky and good quality seedlings in pro trays under poly house conditions. Then the salvia seedlings (treatment wise) were transplanted under field conditions in 48 plots of size 1 m × 1 m to raise successful crop. After 40 days of transplanting, the salvia plants were sprayed with paclobutrazol (0, 5, 10 and 20 ppm). Data on various growth, flowering and seed yield and quality contributing characters were recorded. From the present investigation, it was concluded that the treatment combination, seed priming with cow dung slurry for 24 hours and foliar application of paclobutrazol @ 10 ppm after 40 days of transplanting had exhibited highest values for plant spread (42.34 cm), number of branches per plant (12.03), number of spikes per plant (16.83), number of pods per plant (546.03), seed yield (7.36 g/plant, 66.20 g/plot and 496.46 kg/ha), 1000 seed weight (3.805 g), germination percentage of freshly harvested seeds (83.75 %), seedling length (5.80 cm), seedling dry weight (2.22 mg), speed of germination (13.61) as well as lowest EC (0.146 dS/m). However, maximum plant height (46.51 cm), spike length (17.31 cm) and number of florets per spike (60.67) was reported in the plants raised from seed lot primed with cow dung slurry for 24 hours and without application of paclobutrazol. Accordingly, it may be inferred from the outcomes of the investigation that seed priming with cow dung slurry for 24 hours along with the foliar application of paclobutrazol @ 10 ppm is an appropriate treatment combination for promoting the growth, flowering as well as seed production in salvia under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh

Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

Agriculture University, Kota

Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda

Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya

Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Dist. - Nadia, West Bengal PIN - 741 252

Agriculture University, Jodhpur

Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour

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