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Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Dist. - Nadia, West Bengal PIN - 741 252

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Agriculture University, Jodhpur

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Open Access
Effect of Different Levels of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Powder on Performance of Kuroiler Chicks
(2022) JOGI, JAGPAL; Mahesh Datt
The present study was conducted to observe the effect of different levels of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root powder on the performance of Kuroiler chicks. One hundred twenty unsexed Kuroiler chicks (day old) were used on a completely randomized design in 4 treatments with 3 replicates, each consisting of 10 chicks. The treatments included the control group (T1) fed with chick starter feed and other groups were kept on basal diet mixed with Ashwagandha root powder @ 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% in T2, T3 and T4, respectively. All other management practices were followed as per recommendation during the experimental period of 56 days. The feed intake and body weight of chicks was recorded at weekly intervals for further analysis. The average body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, performance index, protein efficiency and energy efficiency ratio were significantly higher in T3 group (ARP @ 1.0%) than all other treatments. The feeding of Ashwagandha as a feed additive has not shown any significant effect on mortality rate of Kuroiler chicks. The mortality during the experimental period of 56 days was 5.83%. The highest Benefit cost ratio (1.81) was observed in T3 group followed by T2 (1.78), T1 (1.71) and T4 (1.58). Thus, it can be concluded that, the supplementation of Ashwagandha at 1.0% level was found beneficial in improving body weight, weight gain, feed conversion, protein efficiency and energy efficiency ratio. It can also be concluded that Ashwagandha can be used as efficient, effective and economical alternative to chemical growth promoters in poultry industry. * A post graduate agriculture student, Department of Livestock Producti
Open Access
Semen characteristic & their correlations with testicular & body measurements in holstein friesian bulls
(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 1981) Mohanty,Debendra Narayan
Open Access
Knowledge and Adoption of Recommended Okra Cultivation Practices by the Farmers in Jaipur District of Rajasthan
(2022) JALTHARIA,RAJKUMAR; I.M. Khan
Okra is cultivated mainly in Jaipur, Sirohi, Bundi, Alwar, Chittorgarh and Hanumangarh districts of Rajasthan. In Rajasthan, Jaipur district ranked first in area of okra cultivation. The climatic conditions of the Jaipur district are most suitable for cultivation of okra and till today no systematic efforts have been made by researchers in the field of study on knowledge and adoption of recommended okra cultivation practices by the farmers in proposed area. Keeping this view in mind, the present investigation entitled “Knowledge and Adoption of Recommended Okra Cultivation Practices by the Farmers in Jaipur District of Rajasthan” was undertaken in the study area with the following specific objectives: 1. To measure the knowledge of farmers about recommended cultivation practices of okra. 2. To find out the extent of adoption of recommended cultivation practices of okra by the farmers. 3. To study the relationship of independent variables of farmers with their knowledge and extent of adoption of recommended cultivation practices of okra. 4. To identify the constraints perceived by the farmers in adoption of recommended cultivation practices of okra.The present study was conducted purposely in selected Jaipur district of Rajasthan. Out of total 21 tehsils in Jaipur district of Rajasthan, two tehsils namely Jamwaramgarh and Kotputli have been selected purposely on the basis of maximum area of okra. Five gram panchayats from each selected tehsil having maximum area under okra cultivation i.e. a total of 10 gram panchayats were selected purposely. Two villages from each selected gram panchayats were selected on the basis of maximum area under okra cultivation. Thus, a total of 20 villages were selected for the present investigation. From each villages, 6 okra growers growing okra in at least 0.1 ha area were selected on the basis of simple random sampling technique. Thus, total 120 farmers were selected for present study. The data were collected by personal interview method by using a schedule specially developed for the study after getting expert‟s opinion. The data so collected were classified, tabulated and statistically analysed, which led to the following findings 1. Majority of respondents i.e. 74.17 per cent fell in medium knowledge level group whereas 13.33 per cent okra growers were observed in the high knowledge level group and remaining 12.50 per cent respondents possessed low level of knowledge about recommended cultivation practices of okra. The findings of the study also indicated that majority of okra growers had adequate knowledge regarding “Time of sowing” followed by “Soil and field preparation”, “Harvesting”, “Seed rate and recommended spacing”, whereas they had medium knowledge regarding “Use of high yielding varieties”, “Seed treatment”, “Weed management”, “Fertilizer application”, “Irrigation management” and “Plant protection measures”. 2. Majority of respondents i.e. 70.83 per cent were in medium level of adoption group, whereas 15.83 per cent respondents were in high adoption group and remaining 13.34 per cent okra growers were observed in the category of low level of adoption. The findings of the study also indicated that farmers had adequate adoption regarding “Time of sowing” followed by “Soil and field preparation”, “Harvesting”, “Seed rate and recommended spacing”, whereas they had medium adoption regarding “Use of high yielding varieties”, “Seed treatment”, “Weed management”, “Fertilizer application”, “Irrigation management” and “Plant protection measures”. 3. The education, annual income, extension contact, social participation, farming experience and cropping pattern of okra growers had positive and significant relationship with their knowledge about okra cultivation practices. Whereas their age and land holding were found to be positively and non-significantly related with their knowledge level of okra cultivation practices. It was also found that their education, annual income, extension contact, social participation, farming experience and cropping pattern were found to have positive and significant relationship with their extent of adoption of okra cultivation practices, whereas their age and land holding were found to have a positive and non-significant relationship with their extent of adoption of okra cultivation practices. 4. Majority of respondents i.e. 70.00 per cent fell in medium constraint perceptors group, whereas 16.67 per cent in high and remaining 13.33 per cent respondents were observed in the group of low constraint perceptors. The study also indicated that in input constraints, “Unavailability of recommended chemical for plant protection measures” and “High cost of insecticides and pesticides” in technical constraints, “Lack of knowledge about plant protection” and “Poor knowledge about doses of chemical fertilizers” in financial constraints, “High cost of inputs” and “High cost of seeds of high yielding varieties” and in marketing constraints, “Lack of storage facilities” and “High cost of transportation” were perceived as the most severe constraints by the okra growers
Open Access
EXPLORING THE GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN INDIGENOUS LANDRACES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
(Acharya n G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-04-15) KUMBHA DINESH KUMAR; Dr. M. SREEVALLI DEVI
The present investigation entitled “exploring the genetic diversity for yield and quality traits in indigenous landraces of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was carried out with 41 genotypes of rice at Agricultural Research Station, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh during Kharif, 2021 to estimate the genetic variability (PCV and GCV), genetic parameters (heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance as per cent of mean), genetic divergence, association studies and direct and indirect effects for yield and grain quality traits. All the landraces were screened for stem borer, leaf folder and whorl maggot of incidence. Based on screening on pest incidence Dhadega and Sugandhi landraces showed resistance to stem borer with damage score 0; out of 41 landraces 36 landraces were found to resistance leaf folder incidence with damage score 1 and 26 landraces found resistance to whorl maggot with damage score 1. Estimation of variability, heritability and genetic advance was recorded high for grain yield plant-1, gel consistency, number of filled grain panicle-1, number of total grain panicle-1, alkali spreading value, number of chaffy grain panicle-1, grain size and test weight indicating the predominance of additive gene action for these traits, hence direct selection may be highly effective. Mahalanobis D2 analysis grouped 41 genotypes into 8 different clusters indicating that there is no parallelism between the test entries and their regions. The character grain breadth contributed maximum towards divergence followed by alkali spreading value, kernel breadth, kernel breadth after cooking, grain length and kernel length after cooking. Maximum inter cluster xiii distance was observed between cluster III and VII followed by cluster II and III indicating that maximum genetic diversity between these clusters Character association and path analysis revealed that, the studies among yield attributing characters, number of filled grains panicle-1, number of total grain panicle-1, harvest index, test weight, number of chaffy grains panicle-1, number of panicles plant-¹ and grain length had significant positive association with grain yield plant-1 and selection based on these traits may be effective to develop the high yielding genotypes. Among grain quality traits, kernel length and kernel length after cooking exhibited significant association with amylose content. Based on divergence analysis, the crosses between NLR 33892 (cluster III) x Kalabhati (cluster IV) and NLR 9674 (cluster III) and Kalabhati (cluster IV) were suggested for improving yield, cooking quality in terms of gel consistency as well as nutritional quality in terms of zinc. The crosses between Ramjeera (Cluster I) and NLR 33892 or NLR 9674 in (cluster III) were suggested for exploitation of transgressive segregants for grain yield as well as protein content in rice.
Open Access
STUDIES ON IDENTIFICATION OF SOURCES, MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO INSECT VECTOR AND HOST VECTOR RELATIONSHIP OF SESAME PHYLLODY
(Acharya n G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-04-15) KALAPUREDDY REVATHI; Dr. K.V. HARI PRASAD
A field experiment entitled “Studies on identification of sources, mechanisms of resistance to insect vector and host vector relationship of sesame phyllody” was conducted at dry land farm, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati; Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati and Institute of Frontier Technology (IFT), RARS, Tirupati during two consecutive years i.e., 2019-20 and 2020-21. Hundred and seven sesame genotypes were screened to identify the resistant source against phyllody. The pooled results of 2019-20 and 2020-21 on leafhopper population in different sesame genotypes indicated that the mean leafhopper population was 1.08, 1.01, 1.11 and 1.02 leafhoppers/plant during kharif, 2019; late rabi, 2019 20; kharif, 2020 and late rabi, 2020-21, respectively. The leafhopper population was found to be statistically non-significant; however, the overall pooled results on leafhopper population for two consecutive years were found to be statistically significant. The mean per cent phyllody incidence was in the range of 6.25 to 86.90 per cent during kharif, 2019; 2.09 to 56.73 during late rabi, 2019-20; 9.77 to 92.61 per cent during kharif, 2020 and 6.25 to 68.42 during late rabi, 2020-21. The cumulative results on mean phyllody incidence during kharif, 2019 and kharif, 2020 indicated that out of 107 genotypes screened for resistance against phyllody, one genotype (IC 203871) was found resistant, three genotypes (EC 377002-2, YLM 141 and IC 204132) as moderately resistant, seven genotypes as tolerant, 13 genotypes as moderately susceptible, 25 genotypes as susceptible and 58 genotypes were found as highly susceptible to phyllody with an average of 49.80 per cent phyllody incidence; while, pooled results during late rabi, 2019-20 and late rabi, 2020-21 revealed four genotypes to be resistant, 28 genotypes as moderately resistant, 31 genotypes as tolerant, 19 genotypes as moderately susceptible, 22 genotypes as susceptible and three genotypes as highly susceptible to phyllody with 28.45 per cent mean disease incidence. xvi moderately susceptible, 22 genotypes as susceptible and three genotypes as highly susceptible to phyllody with 28.45 per cent mean disease incidence. Studies on biophysical characters of resistance revealed that trichome density and leaf thickness were negatively correlated with mean leafhopper population and per cent phyllody incidence, while, leaf area was positively correlated with mean leafhopper population and per cent phyllody incidence. Studies on biochemical characters of resistance revealed that phenols and chlorophyll content were negatively correlated with mean leafhopper population and per cent phyllody incidence, while, proteins, amino acids and total reducing sugars were positively correlated with mean leafhopper population and per cent phyllody incidence. The studies on transmission of phytoplasma clearly indicated that there was no mechanical transmission of phytoplasma into healthy plants, while, the per cent phyllody transmission by leafhopper, Orosius albicinctus was in the range of 13.3 to 93.3 per cent with a mean of 54.67 per cent. The results from the transmission studies with leafhopper, Hishimonus phycitis revealed that the leafhopper could not be able to disseminate phytoplasma (zero per cent transmission rate) from infected sesame plants to healthy seedlings. The potential insect vector identified in successful transmission of phytoplasma was confirmed taxonomically with the help of keys and by dissection of male genitalia. LCO-HCO primers were used to amplify part of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for further confirmation of insect at molecular level. Results on BLAST analysis of obtained DNA sequence showed 96.85 per cent resemblance with existing sequences of Orosius albicinctus available in Genbank, NCBI. The findings on per cent identity matrix of mitochondrial gene sequence of test insect, O. albicinctus indicated that it showed highest per cent similarity of 96.62 with O. albicinctus (Accession no: MK690286.1, MT621035.1 and LN8790006.1). The sequence was submitted in GenBank, NCBI with accession number OL818327. Investigation on management of sesame leafhoppers with newer insecticides during two seasons i.e., kharif, 2019 and kharif, 2020 revealed that pymetrozine 50 WG @ 0.6 g l-1 was found to be most superior and effective by recording the highest per cent reduction of leafhopper population over control (90.58%), followed by dimethoate 30 EC @ 2.0 ml l-1 (79.71%) and thiamethoxam 20 WG @ 0.2 g l-1 (78.01%). The insecticidal treatments dimethoate and thiamethoxam were at par with each other. The next effective treatments in the descending order of their efficacies were dinotefuran, diafenthiuron, flonicamid and thiacloprid with 73.84, 70.51, 64.52 and 64.15 per cent reduction over control, respectively. The lowest per cent reduction over control was observed in plots treated with spinosad and spiromesifen showing 55.78 and 50.31 per cent reduction over control, respectively and was found least effective in reducing leafhopper population. Pymetrozine treated plots recorded highest yield of 527 and 472 kg ha-1 during kharif, 2019 and kharif, 2020, respectively.
Open Access
Characterization and transcriptome analysis of transgenic pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) plants with LecRLKgene for salt tolerance
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-01) Mehla, Sheetal; Upendra Kumar
Receptor kinases are one of the most potent cell signaling molecules that work against different kinds of stresses, however, very few studies are there on the characterization of the Lectin Receptor-like Kinase gene in plants for regulating salt stress. Biochemical analysis of increased concentrations of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, peroxidase and osmolytes like proline and total soluble sugar deciphered the role of OsLecRLK in maintaining the osmotic balance, ion homeostasis, and keeping a check on ROS production. Also, we observed a significant decrease in membrane injury index and an increase in the physiological parameters like Relative water content, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate confirming the role of OsLecRLK in providing salt tolerance in transgenic pigeon pea plants. Analysis of phenological and yield attributes confirmed that the mechanism governed by this gene is ultimately maintaining the vigor of the pigeon pea plants. A potential increase of 23-26% in the harvest index of transgenic lines conferred the completion of the pigeon pea life cycle in a normal pattern with very minimal effects of salt stress. OsLecRLK expressing pigeon pea lines were found to perform much better than wild types starting from vegetative till the completion of the reproductive phase. Through comparative transcriptome analysis, the intrinsic mechanism responsible for providing salt tolerance in transgenic pigeon pea plants with the OsLecRLK gene was unveiled. The relative expression analysis of histone deacetylase1, acyl CoA, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase genes were found higher and the expression of indole acetic acid synthetase, calmodulin and ketoacyl genes were found much lower in transgenic in comparison to wildtype pigeon pea plants under salt stress.
Open Access
Process technology optimization for heat treatment of milk using solar concentrator
(Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 2018) Jaglan, Neeraj; Dr. Amandeep Sharma
Open Access
An economic analysis of production, market integration and export performance of cotton in Haryana
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-03) Vinay Kumar; Goyal, S. K.
The present study was conducted with the following objectives: (1) To study the growth in area, production and productivity of cotton in Haryana and India, (2) To estimate cost and returns in cotton production and resource use efficiency in Haryana, (3)To examine the trends and relationship of cotton prices and arrivals in major markets of Haryana, (4) To analyse the direction of trade of Indian cotton exports. The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana i.e. Sirsa and Hisar based on highest area under cotton. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Two blocks were selected from each selected district. Further, two villages were selected randomly from each selected block. Thus, a total of eight villages were selected for the study and from each selected village, twenty five farmers were selected and personally interviewed with the help of the well-structured schedule. The collected information was analysed to draw meaningful inferences by using statistical tools such as annual compound growth rate, correlation and regression analysis, co-integration, granger causality test and markov chain analysis. Annual compound growth rate of area, production and productivity of cotton exhibited increasing trend in Haryana as well as in India during the year 2001-02 to 2020-21. Cost benefit ratio for cotton cultivation in the study areas came out to be 1.22, 1.04 and 1.13 in Sirsa, Hisar and Overall, respectively. The resource use efficiency of the cotton farms exhibited decreasing returns to scale in both Sirsa (0.419) and Hisar (0.413) districts. Further the results showed that the regression coefficient („b‟) for the cotton prices associated with the time element in the selected markets were positive and whereas, in arrivals Adampur, Siwani and Bhiwani markets had statistically increasing trend. The results for annual compound growth rate estimated considerable increase in cotton prices in selected markets, whereas growth rate for arrival of cotton were found positive but most of the growth rates are non-significant in all markets except Siwani and Bhiwani markets. Seasonal indices analysis estimated that the cotton arrivals in the selected markets were from October to January (peak period) and least were observed in the months of February to May (lean period). The inverse relationship was observed between price and arrivals of cotton in the selected markets with few exemptions. The correlation analysis indicated that the price (time series data) of selected markets was highly correlated between each other. The long run equilibrium relationship provides a clear evidence of the integration of selected cotton markets. This implies that prices in domestic markets of Haryana move together in response to changes in the demand and supply. It was further found that Dabwali market is the lead cotton market because it influenced the prices of most of the selected cotton markets i.e. Adampur, Uklana, Sirsa, Fatehabad, Uchana, Siwani and Bhattukalan market. China is the most stable country among major importers of Indian cotton as reflected by its high probability of retention (69%) followed by Bangladesh (60 %). Other countries were having 49 per cent probability of retention which indicated that other countries were relatively moderate importer of Indian cotton.
Open Access
Development of Wheatgrass and Carrot Blended Juice
(MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) Vivek Kumar; S.K. Jain
The popularity of wheatgrass and carrot juices has been on the rise due to the increasing awareness of its potential health benefits. This study aims to investigate the nutritional composition and sensory evaluation of the wheatgrass and carrot blended juice. Six different juice combinations were prepared, including 100% wheatgrass juice (T0), a blend of 80% wheatgrass juice and 20% carrot juice (T1), blend of 60% wheatgrass juice and 40% carrot juice (T2), blend of 40% wheatgrass juice and 60% carrot juice (T3), blend of 20% wheatgrass juice and 80% carrot juice (T4), and 100% carrot juice (T5). In the sensory evaluation, each of the juice combinations (T0 to T5) was assessed for taste, flavor, and overall acceptability. The results revealed that the blend containing 40% wheatgrass juice and 60% carrot juice (T3) received the highest scores in all three sensory attributes, indicating its superior sensory profile compared to the other blends. Consequently, the 40% wheatgrass juice and 60% carrot juice (T3) blend was selected for further storage assessment at 4°C for a period of 60 days along with T0 and T5. During the first 30 days of storage, the 40% wheatgrass juice and 60% carrot juice (T3) blend demonstrated stability in its physicochemical properties, with low changes observed in pH and TSS (total soluble solids). These findings suggest that the overall quality of the blend remained well-maintained under refrigerated conditions during this initial period. However, beyond 30 days of storage, the 40% wheatgrass juice and 60% carrot juice (T3) blend exhibited microbial growth but still in the permissible range

Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

Agriculture University, Kota

Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda

Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya

Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Dist. - Nadia, West Bengal PIN - 741 252

Agriculture University, Jodhpur

Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour

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