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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
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Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda
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Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya
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Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Dist. - Nadia, West Bengal PIN - 741 252
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Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour

Recent Submissions

  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF ZINC NANOPARTICLES SEED TREATMENT ON QUALITY SEED PRODUCTION IN BITTER GOURD
    (UHF Nauni, 2023-11-04) PRAGATI VERMA; Dr Rohit Verma
    The present investigation entitled, “Effect of Zinc Nanoparticles Seed Treatment on Quality Seed Production in Bitter Gourd” was carried in the laboratory and research farm of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2022-2023. The experiment was laid out in open field conditions with Randomized Block Design having fourteen treatments replicated three times while laboratory experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized Design replicated 4 times. Out of the 14 treatments, 9 treatments comprised of seed priming with zinc nanoparticles @ 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm for 12, 24 and 48 hours, 3 treatments comprised of seed coating with zinc nanoparticles @ 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm, 1 treatment comprised of seed soaking in water for 36 hrs in addition to control. Seed priming with ZnO NPs @ 150 ppm for 24 hrs (T8) was found superior over all other treatments in terms of germination (98.25 %), seedling length (25.23 cm), seedling dry weight (144.25 g), seedling vigour index-I (2478.86), seedling vigour index-II (14171.85), days to 50% emergence (10.33 days), total emergence (79.56 %), plant height 30 DAS (80.06 cm), days to first picking (80.33 days), harvest duration (28 days), fruit length (17.11 cm), fruit weight (116.33 g), number of fruits per plant (13.66), number of seeds per fruit (24.18), number of seeds per plant (330.30), seed yield per plot (293.97 g), seed yield per hectare ( 483.91 kg/ha), 100 seed weight (17.20 g) and maximum B:C ratio (1.84: 1) which was closely followed by seed priming with ZnO NPs @ 150 ppm for 48 hrs (T9). Therefore, seed priming with ZnO NPs @ 150 ppm for 24 hrs (T8) can be recommended for commercial seed production of bitter gourd after multi-location testing.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ZINC NANOPARTICLES SEED TREATMENT ON QUALITY BULB PRODUCTION IN ONION
    (UHF Nauni, 2023-10-23) NIKHIL; Dr. Rohit Verma
    The present investigation titled, “Studies on the Effect of Zinc Nanoparticles Seed Treatment on Quality Bulb Production in Onion” was carried out at laboratory and experimental farm of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP)-173 230 during 2022-2023. Laboratory studies were conducted in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications and field experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 14 treatments replicated thrice. Out of the 14 treatments, 9 treatments comprised of seed priming with zinc nanoparticles @ 50ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm for 12, 24 and 36 hours, 3 treatments comprised of seed coating with zinc nanoparticles @ 50ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm, 1 treatment comprised of hydropriming for 12 hours in addition to control. Although, maximum values for germination percentage (87.73 %), seedling length (14.13 cm), seedling dry weight (1.85 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1274.24), seedling vigour index-II (162.30), speed of germination (24.25), plant height at 30 and 60 days after transplanting (14.53, 34.53 respectively), number of leaves at 60 days after transplanting (6.67), polar diameter (53.67 mm), equatorial diameter (57.90 mm), bulb size index (3108.29 mm2), number of bulbs per plot (69), bulb weight (74.50 g), bulb yield per plot (5.29 kg), bulb yield per hectare (423.03), benefit: cost ratio (2.12 :1) and minimum value for EC (109.50 μS/cm), days from transplanting to harvest (130.00), neck thickness (8.70 mm), early bolters (0.00 %), disease incidence (1 %) were recorded in T9 (seed priming with ZnO nanoparticles @ 150 ppm for 36 hours) which was closely followed by T8 (seed priming with ZnO nanoparticles @ 150 ppm for 24 hours). Therefore, T9 (seed priming with ZnO nanoparticles @ 150 ppm for 36 hours) can be suggested for commercial bulb production of onion after multi location testing.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF NATURAL FARMING PRACTICES ON QUALITY SEED PRODUCTION IN PEA
    (UHF Nauni, 2023-11-04) SAKSHI CHAUHAN; Dr. Rohit Verma
    The present investigation titled, “Effect of Natural Farming Practices on Quality Seed Production in Pea” was carried out at experimental farm of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP)-173 230 during 2022 to 2023. Field experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 7 treatments replicated thrice and the laboratory studies were conducted in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. All the treatments except for control-RDF (T7) comprised of seed treatment with Beejamrit, drenching and spraying with Jeevamrit (10 %) at 1 and 2 weeks interval [T1 & T2: drenching with Jeevamrit at 1 and 2 weeks interval, respectively; T3 & T4: spraying with Jeevamrit at 1 and 2 weeks interval, respectively; T5 &T6: drenching and spraying with Jeevamrit alternatively at 1 and 2 weeks interval, respectively] and foliar application of agniastra, sonthastra and sour butter milk at 7 days interval. Ghanjivamrit, achhadan and whapasa were practiced in all treatments except control-RDF (T7). Although, maximum values for plant height (86.90 cm), pod length (9.18 cm), number of pods per plant (21.07), number of seeds per pod (7.83), seed yield per plot (0.182 kg), seed yield per hectare (16.88 q), 100 seed weight (17.12 g), germination percentage (96.75 %), seedling length (23.28 cm), seedling dry weight (34.63 mg), seedling vigour index-I (2251.88), seedling vigour index-II (3349.95) and minimum value for EC (16.05 μS/cm), minimum days to 50 % flowering (86.33), minimum days to seed harvesting (147.00) were recorded in treatment T1 [Seed treatment with Beejamrit + drenching with Jeevamrit (10 %) at 1 week interval + foliar application of agniastra, sonthastra and sour butter milk at 7 days interval] but found to be statistically at par with treatments T5 and T7. Highest viable microbial count i.e. bacteria (11.64 × 108 cfu/g soil), fungi (19.33 × 102 cfu/g soil) and actinomycetes (23.33 × 104 cfu/g soil) was recorded in T1 which was statistically at par with treatment T5. However, maximum values for available N (352.87 kg/ha), P (82.53 kg/ha) and K (302.03 kg/ha) were observed in T7 (RDF- @ Urea 55 kg /ha + SSP 375 kg/ha + MOP 100 kg/ha + FYM @ 200 q/ha) which were statistically similar to T1 and T5. The treatment T5 also exhibited highest B: C ratio (1.57: 1) besides enhancing all other quality attributes. Therefore, treatment T5 [Seed treatment with Beejamrit + drenching and spraying with Jeevamrit (10 %) alternatively at 1 week interval + foliar application of agniastra, sonthastra and sour butter milk at 7 days interval] can be suggested for commercial seed production of pea to obtain higher B:C ratio as an intercrop in apple after multi location testing
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    MANAGEMENT OF LONG BONE FRACTURES IN CATS BY EXTERNAL SKELETAL FIXATOR WITH INTRAMEDULLARY PIN TIE-IN CONFIGURATION USING EPOXY PUTTY
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, 2022-02-10) RENY RAJ; Dr. S. Anoop
    The study was carried out with the objective to standardise and evaluate efficacy of long bone fracture management in cats using external skeletal fixator with intramedullary pin tie-in configuration using epoxy putty. Six cats were selected irrespective of age, breed and sex for the study. All the cats in the study were domestic short hair breeds with age ranging from four months to ten months and body weight ranging from 1.1 to 2.8 kilogram. Among the six cats, four were males and two were females. The exciting causes of fracture were jumping from a height (4) and automobile accident (2). Orthogonal views of radiographs were taken as the confirmatory diagnosis and showed one mid-diaphyseal transverse, two mid-diaphyseal short oblique and three mid-diaphyseal long oblique fractures. The implant sizes were selected based on the measurements from the radiographs pre-operatively and comprised of an intramedullary pin which occupied 40-60 per cent and Schanz screws covering 30-40 per cent of the medullary canal. A retrograde intramedullary pinning was carried out and the Steinmann pin was bend at the point of exit of the skin and kept parallel to the bone. Transfixation Schanz screws are applied at either side of the fracture and both are joined with the epoxy putty. Follow-up radiographs taken on day 14, 28 and 42 revealed rigid and stable fracture fixations with callus formation. All the cats showed grade VI weight bearing lameness pre-operatively. Postoperatively, five cases progressed to grade I lameness and one case to grade II by the end of day 28. There was no statistically significant difference in the haematological parameters throughout the observation period. However, the mean serum alkaline phosphatase level was elevated throughout the study period. Fracture fixation using external skeletal fixator with intramedullary pin tie-in configuration using epoxy putty had excellent stability and provided early ambulation to the cats. Self-mutilation and early ambulation by the cats posed a threat to its stability.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF RENAL RESISTIVE INDEX IN DOGS WITH ACUTE AND CHRONIC RENAL DISEASES
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, 2022-02-10) ROHINI B. G.; Dr. Arun George
    The study entitled “Evaluation of Renal Resistive Index in Dogs with Acute and Chronic renal diseases” was conducted in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, during the period 2020-2021. A total of 70 dogs presented to the University Veterinary Hospital Kokkalai and TVCC, Mannuthy with the clinical signs suggestive of renal involvement were screened and among them 40 dogs identified with primary renal diseases were included in the study. Renal failure occurs when there is 75 percent or more loss in functioning of nephrons and includes both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Out of 40 dogs identified with primary renal diseases, 27 were diagnosed with AKI and 13 with CKD. High occurrence of AKI and CKD was noticed in the age group of 2 to 4 years and 6 to 8 years, respectively. Twenty-seven dogs with AKI were characterized into five grades and 13 dogs with CKD into four stages as per the guidelines provided by International renal interest society. The aetiology of AKI was multifactorial which included viper snake envenomation, pyometra, B. gibsoni infection, canine parvo viral infection, Ehrlichia canis infection, leptospiral infection, bone meal poisoning and tetracycline-induced nephrotoxicity. Chronic kidney disease prevailed primarily in geriatric dogs and definite cause could not be established in two dogs with CKD. Urine protein-creatine ratio was increased in both AKI and CKD cases. No significant variation was noticed in blood pressure of dogs with AKI. But there was significant increase in dogs with CKD. B-mode ultrasonography of kidneys revealed enlargement in size, hyperechoic renal cortex, decreased cortico￾medullary distinction and loss of architecture in majority of the dogs with AKI whereas in CKD there was reduction in size, irregular kidney shape, hyperechoic cortex, reduced cortico-medullary distinction and loss of architecture. Renal resistive index (RRI) was significantly increased in both AKI and CKD groups and a positive correlation was established between RRI and serum creatinine. All the dogs were treated with specific, supportive and reno-protective therapy. On second week of treatment, mortality was noticed in three dogs each with AKI and CKD due to secondary complications of renal failure. Assessment of RRI seventh day post-treatment showed considerable decrease of RRI in AKI group, whereas, no change was noticed in CKD group. Both in AKI and CKD an increase in RRI was associated with severity of renal parenchymal injury. High RRI in CKD indicated poor prognosis whereas in AKI a reduction in RRI post-treatment correlated with favourable prognosis.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Process Standardization of Millet Based Appe Mix and its Glycemic Response
    (MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) Batool Kanorwala; Nikita Wadhawan
    Glycemic index of millet based appe mix was determined. The recipe was standardized for 50g carbohydrates per serving size and acceptability. Acceptability scores of the recipe ranged from 7 to 9 which revealed that recipes were either liked moderately or very much. The combination T3 (60 percent incorporation of finger millet flour) was liked very much followed by T0, T2 and T1 by the panel members. The moisture, protein, fat, energy, carbohydrate, ash and fiber content were 5.40g, 13.02g, 3.50g, 355.32kcal, 69.21g, 3.10g, and 2.66g per 100g respectively. An interview schedule was developed to collect information on general profile, health habits and food habits. Results revealed that 33 per cent were vegetarians, 66 per cent were non- vegetarians and none of them ova vegetarian. Out of selected subjects 40 per cent followed four meals, 56.7 per cent followed three meals and 3.3 per cent followed two meals per day. About 54 per cent subjects consumed snacks in between the meals. The commonly consumed snacks included samosa, biscuits, fruits chips and maggi and 46 per cent skipped one or two meals in a day. Diets of the subjects were determined using 24 hour dietary recall method which shows that food intake of the subjects in comparison RDA was adequate or more than adequate in energy, protein, fat and carbohyrates intake. They were deficient in calcium and iron. Anthropometric measurements showed that the mean weight of the subject was 53 kg whereas mean height was 154 cm. The mean of waist and hip circumference of the subjects were 91.04 cm, 110.64cm respectively. Body mass index and waist hip ratio were determined. The mean BMI was 23.7 kg/m2 whereas mean WHR was 0.82. Glucose Tolerance Test was conducted for glucose and test recipe at fasting (0), 30, 60, 90 and 120 hours after feeding the test recipe to determine glycemic index. It was found that glucose response of the subjects reached its peak at half an hour whereas for the test recipe it reached at one an half hour for majority of the subjects which indicated delay in absorption of test recipe. Glycemic index calculated from area under curve for the test recipe was 57.12 which is comparatively low when compared with rice based appe as classification suggested by Monro et. al.(2008). Further glycemic load calculated using standard formula was 18.27 which is medium suggesting positive effect of test recipe in the management of diabetes
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Practice, Attitude, And Knowledge of Nutrition and Nutritional Status of Health and Wellness Instructors
    (MPUAT, Udaipur, 2023) Ansh Vyas; Sarla Lakhawat
    This study aimed to investigate the nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practices of health and wellness instructors and assess their nutritional status. Additionally, it aimed to examine the effectiveness of a nutritional booklet intervention in improving their knowledge. The study was conducted in Gyms, Wellness Studios, Yoga Centers, and Sports Academies in Udaipur City, Rajasthan. A total of 60 randomly selected instructors participated, including trainers, instructors, sports coaches, and health and wellness coaches. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on their background information, nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practices. Anthropometric measurements were performed to assess their nutritional status. The results revealed significant variations in the demographic characteristics of the participants. The average age of gym instructors, physical fitness instructors, sports instructors, and yoga instructors was 29.27+4.66 years, 27.80+6.66 years, 33.13+12.29 years, and 28.00+4.95 years respectively. Across all occupations, the total average age was 29.55+7.87 years. All participants were males. Educational qualification distribution showed that the majority of instructors had a graduate degree (41.7%), followed by postgraduate diploma (21.7%) and postgraduate qualifications (36.7%). Regarding marital status, 58.3% of instructors were unmarried, while 41.7% were married. In terms of annual income, 63.3% of instructors had an income of "4-5 Lakh," 31.7% had an income of "6-8 Lakh," and 5.0% had an income of "10 Lakh above." No instructors fell into the category of "8-10 Lakh." Anthropometric measurements provided insights into the nutritional status of the instructors. Gym instructors had an average height of 1.72+0.10 meters, while physical fitness instructors had an average height of 1.73+0.13 meters. Sports instructors had an average height of 1.72+0.09 meters, and yoga instructors had the highest average height of 1.94+1.07 meters. The overall average height of the respondents was 1.78+0.53 meters. The factor of weight revealed that gym instructors had an average weight of 81.47+14.4 kilograms, while physical fitness instructors had an average weight of 73.47+15.4 kilograms. Sports instructors had an average weight of 70.0+7.87 kilograms, and yoga instructors had the lowest average weight of 68.37+11.30 kilograms. The overall average weight of the respondents was 73.34+13.32 kilograms. Body Mass Index (BMI) analysis indicated that gym instructors had an average BMI of 27.46+5.55 kg/m2, physical fitness instructors had an average BMI of 24.42+4.30 kg/m2, sports instructors had an average BMI of 22.26+7.30 kg/m2, and yoga instructors had an average BMI of 23.33+6.54 kg/m2. The overall average BMI of the respondents was 24.37+6.19 kg/m2. Assessment of the instructors' nutritional knowledge showed variations among different occupations. Gym instructors had the highest mean nutritional knowledge score (17.67), indicating a fair amount of expertise in this field. Yoga and physical fitness instructors both had equal mean scores (15.87 and 15.73, respectively), indicating a decent level of nutritional awareness. Sports instructors scored the lowest on average (14.47), indicating a comparatively lesser level of nutritional understanding. The standard deviations varied among occupations, indicating variations in the distribution of nutritional knowledge scores. The assessment of nutritional attitudes revealed that a significant percentage of instructors recognized the significance of micronutrients (76.6%) and macronutrients (70.0%) in maintaining optimal health. However, a portion of instructors provided incorrect answers, suggesting the need for further education on these topics. The assessment of nutritional practices revealed variations in adherence to recommended practices. Only 20.0% of instructors reported consuming the appropriate number of meals per day. Approximately 43.3% reported consuming water or fluids before engaging in sports activities, while 41.7% reported consuming water or fluids throughout the day. The consumption patterns of specific food groups also varied among instructors. The intervention program involved the development and distribution of a nutritional booklet. The post-assessment of the intervention program showed significant improvements in the participants' nutritional knowledge. The majority of instructors demonstrated an enhanced understanding of macronutrients, micronutrients, dietary guidelines, and the significance of nutrient timing in relation to physical activity. In conclusion, this study highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve the nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health and wellness instructors. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing variations in knowledge gaps and promoting evidence-based nutrition education. Implementing interventions, such as the use of a nutritional booklet, can effectively enhance instructors' understanding and application of nutrition knowledge, ultimately benefiting their own well-being and that of their clients.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    POLYMORPHISM OF INTRON 2 OF GROWTH HORMONE GENE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH GROWTH AND CARCASS TRAITS IN KUTTANAD AND WHITE PEKIN DUCKS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, 2022-02-10) NIMMI P; Dr. Stella Cyriac
    A study was conducted at Avian Research Station, Thiruvazhamkunnu, Palakkad to compare the growth and carcass traits of unselected flock of Kuttanad ducks (UKD), improved meat line of Kuttanad ducks (IKD) and White Pekin ducks (WPD) and to study the association of polymorphism of intron 2 of Growth Hormone gene with economic traits. One hundred and twenty five day-old ducklings from each group were selected, wing banded and were reared in uniform management condition. Ad-libitum feed and water were provided and ducks were reared up to 10 weeks of age. Fortnightly body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, livability were calculated. Carcass traits like slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage (with and without giblets), yield of feathers, giblets and cut-up parts were studied at 6, 8 and 10 weeks in eight birds of each group. Blood samples of 50 birds from each group were collected and DNA was isolated. Isolated DNAs were utilised for PCR-RFLP to find out the polymorphism in intron 2 of GH gene. WPD showed significantly (p<0.05) higher body weight at all fortnights whereas body weight of two groups of Kuttanad ducks were significantly (p<0.05) similar. Body weight gain were significantly (p<0.05) high for WPD at all fortnights except during first fortnight where IKD registered significantly (p<0.05) higher body weight gain. The period of active weight gain was during seven to eight weeks in all the three groups of ducks. WPD showed lower FCR in all fortnights followed by IKD. Cumulative FCR of 4.17 and 4.68 were shown by WPD and IKD, respectively for 10 weeks of age. The fortnightly livability of ducks of all the three groups were satisfactory. It was found that slaughter weight and carcass weight were significantly (p<0.05) higher in WPD at 8 and 10 weeks of age. Dressing percentage (with and without giblets) of UKD and IKD were significantly (p<0.05) higher at eight weeks whereas WPD showed significantly (p<0.05) higher percentage at 10 weeks of age. The appearance score after   defeathering showed progress in accordance with the age. The yield of back, thigh and drumstick progressively reduced as age progressed from 6 to 10 weeks in UKD, IKD and WPD, whereas that of breast increased and the yield of wings and neck was more or lesssimilar throughout the ages. The PCR- RFLP technique and sequencing methods were employed to identify the genotypes in three duck population viz. UKD, IKD and WPD. Three genotypes GH/TT, GH/CT and GH/CC and two alleles T and C were identified in all the three groups of ducks by banding patterns. Even though the genotypes and allele frequencies did not differ significantly between the three groups of ducks, the frequent genotype observed in IKD and WPD was GH/TT whereas that in UKD was GH/CT. Reported primers were used to find polymorphism in intron 2 and Cytosine/Thymine polymorphism at 170th position could be identified. Association of polymorphism of intron 2 of GH gene with body weight and carcass traits were analysed in this study, but no significant difference was observed between the genotypes and the economic traits (body weight and carcass traits). However the yield of different traits were numerically higher for genotypes GH/TT and GH/CT. From the results, it could be concluded that the meatproduction potential of Kuttanad ducks could be improved through the selection and breeding for over 4 generations. Identification of polymorphism in intron 2 of GH gene and its association with growth and carcass traits revealed that it can be used as a molecular marker in the selection of ducks at younger ages. However, further research is essential to confirm and extend these findings.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF SIRE EVALUATION METHODS IN CROSSBRED CATTLE OF KERALA
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, 2022-02-10) M.PRIYADHARSHINI; Dr. K. Anilkumar
    The objective of the present study was to assess the sire evaluation methods in crossbred cattle of Kerala by using age at first calving (AFC) and first lactation milk yield (FLMY). The records of 898 crossbred cows sired by 203 bulls spread over a period of 18 years (2002-2019) were collected from different field centres of ICAR-FPT, KVASU. The effect of genetic factors such as genetic group, sire batches and non-genetic factors including the period of birth and season of birth for AFC and period, season, age at first calving for FLMYand source of sires from for both traits were analyzed through Least squares analysis. The present study revealed that overall least square means (±standard error) for AFC was 1041.66± 6.73 days and for FLMY 2780.17 ± 15.72 kg. The sire batches had significant influence (P<0.01%) on AFC and FLMY. The period and season of birth was found to have non significant effect on AFC. Effect of calving period was significant (P<0.05%) on FLMY. However, season of calving and AFC was found to have non-significant influence on FLMY. The genetic group of sire and sources of sire showed non-significant influence on both traits under study. The genetic parameters for AFC and FLMY were estimated using Harvey and REML method. The breeding values of sires with four models were estimated and compared for both traits. BLUP-SM showed lowest error variance and highest coefficient of determination when compared to other models. Relative efficiency of both these traits was estimated with respect to error variance i.e. BLUP-SM. The rank and product moment correlation was statistically significant (P<0.01%) by all four models. The high correlation between BLUP-SM and BLUP-AM indicate higher degree of similarity between both models. So the BLUP-SM and BLUP-AM were equally effective for sire evaluation based on AFC and FLMY. The sires were ranked based on most efficient method for both the traits. Since low AFC is preferred, the sires with lowest AFC value ranked first and the sire with highest AFC value was ranked last in that order and vice versa for FLMY. In conclusion, BLUP-SM was better model when different models were evaluated based on accuracy measures R2, C.V, RMSE, MAE and MAPE for evaluation of bulls of crossbred cattle.
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